[+/-] : Adex takes first steps at Mount Pleasant indium-tin development

Adex Mining of Toronto is ready to take the initial steps leading to development of its Mount Pleasant indium-tin property approximately 80 km south of Fredericton. Work will include a scoping study, metallurgical tests, wastewater treatment planning, tailings area upgrades and environmental management proposals.

The property contains two zones: the tin- and iridium-containing North zone and the molybdenum-rich Fire Tower zone. Metallurgical work will be done for both types of ores. In addition to the production of metal concentrates using gravity separation, flotation and magnetic separation, Adex plans to produce high grade ammonium paratungstate (APT) and indium metal by hydrometallurgical processing


We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : EU imposes 35.5 pct anti-dumping duty on Chinese ferrosilicon exports

Shanghai. August 30. INTERFAX-CHINA - The European Union will impose anti-dumping duty rates as high as 35.5 percent on ferrosilicon originating from five countries, including China, according to a report published in the European Commission's official journal on Aug. 28.

Industry insiders commented that the anti-dumping measures targeting Chinese ferrosilicon, will seriously affect ferrosilicon exports to the EU, and lead to domestic oversupply problems and a subsequent slump in prices.

The EC has set anti-dumping duty rates on ferrosilicon exports at 35.5 percent for China, 25.5 percent for Russia, 20.4 percent for Egypt, 33.9 percent for Kazakhstan and 5.4 percent for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The anti-dumping duties are scheduled to come into effect on Sept. 1.

According to EU regulations, the commission has the right to impose provisional anti-dumping duties for a maximum period of six months before arriving at a final decision, which if made, has a minimum duration of five years.

The EC claims that ferrosilicon import volumes from the five respective countries increased significantly from 134,081 tons in 2003 to 452,108 tons in the first nine months of 2006, representing an increase in the share of the EU ferrosilicon market from 15.4 percent to 51.2 percent during the period. At the same time, EU ferrosilicon manufacturers suffered a decline in their share of the home market from 28.7 percent to 17.7 percent.

Moreover, the average price of the imported ferrosilicon in question undercut the price from home market producers by between 3.7 percent and 11 percent during the dumping and injury investigation period from October 2005 to September 2006, according to the report.

However, two Chinese companies, namely Inner Mongolia Erdos Xijin Kuang Co. Ltd., as well as the Lanzhou Good Land Ferroalloy Factory have received anti-dumping duty rates of only 2.8 percent and 33.7 percent respectively, compared to the common rate of 35.5 percent, charged to all the other Chinese ferrosilicon companies.

"With the exception of Erdos Xijin, all the other ferrosilicon companies in China will substantially decrease ferrosilicon exports to Europe. Although Europe's demand for quality ferrosilicon is not particularly high, freight costs from China to Europe are higher than to other countries. This means that the volume of Chinese ferrosilicon exports to Europe is traditionally lower than to Southeast Asia, India and the United States," Beijing Umetal analyst, Wang Xin, said.

According to Wang, Chinese ferrosilicon exporters will now compete to increase their market shares in Southeast Asia and the United States, in order to offset their decreased shares in the European market.

"The EC policy will exacerbate domestic oversupply problems and further depress ferrosilicon prices. As it is, current ferrosilicon prices are fast approaching the cost line," said a senior sales department official, surnamed He, from Qinghai Wutong Ferroalloy Co. Ltd., a private Chinese ferroalloy producer with an annual capacity of 80,000 tons of ferrosilicon.

"Although Europe is one of the world's major ferrosilicon consuming regions, due to its considerable steel production capacity, we have decided to quit the market in reaction to the new anti-dumping duty policy," He said. The company halted ferrosilicon exports to Europe in April this year, despite planning to export a total of between 30,000 tons and 40,000 tons of ferrosilicon to Europe by the end of this year.

Speculation on the policy has led to a significant fall in Chinese ferrosilicon exports to the EU, with export volumes in July falling 9.3 percent from the same period last year, He said.

The current FOB price of ferrosilicon (75 percent silicon content) in Chinese ports lies between $930 per ton and $940 per ton, and few contracts have been signed recently, according to Wang from Beijing Umetal.

China's ferrosilicon sector is facing various challenges at present, including increased power prices and restrictive government policies to rein in overcapacity and increase export taxes. China is currently both the world's largest ferrosilicon producer and exporter, exporting 973,712 tons of ferrosilicon in the first seven months of this year, up 36.86 percent from the same period last year, while July exports alone reached 128,366 tons, down 9.3 percent from June.



We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : China may sign two long-term LNG supply contracts next month

Guangzhou. August 29. INTERFAX-CHINA - Chinese state-owned energy companies are close to finalizing two long-term liquefied natural gas (LNG) deals as early as next month and are in active talks to secure supply sources for another two new import terminals amid continuously high global gas prices, according to an industry insider who attended the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation natural gas utilization workshop in Guangdong Province's capital city of Guangzhou.

China's dominant LNG project developer, the China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC), may sign a gas agreement with Australia's Gorgon LNG project next month to import 3 million tons of the fuel through its terminal in Zhejiang Province's Ningbo City, the source, who wished to remain anonymous, said yesterday.

The deal, if finalized, will come more than two years after its original plan when big price differences led to a decision by U.S.-based Chevron, the major stakeholder in the project, to divert its LNG sales away from CNOOC to three Japanese utilities companies.

The Gorgon gas project off the coast of Western Australia is the largest known gasfield in Australia, with a reserve of about 40 trillion cubic feet of gas. However, it has experienced development delays in recent years due to stringent environmental assessments in Australia with regard to carbon dioxide emissions during gas production and liquefaction as well as very high operational costs.

PetroChina, the country's largest oil and gas producer, is also expected to ink a long-term gas-supply deal with Australia's Woodside Petroleum Ltd. next month, according to the source. Woodside Petroleum Ltd. has been supplying China's only operational LNG terminal in the city of Shenzhen in southern China's Guangdong Province since September last year. The Dapeng LNG terminal in Shenzhen is slated 3.7 million tons a year of LNG from Australia's North West Shelf.

It has not yet been made clear which terminal is to receive the new LNG imports, said the source, though the Wall Street Journal reported late last week that the target terminal for the Australian gas is PetroChina's Rudong terminal in eastern China's Jiangsu Province. The Rudong terminal is scheduled to begin commercial operations in the first quarter of 2011 with a capacity of 3.5 million tons of LNG in its first phase.

PetroChina's two other planned terminals are located in Tangshan, near Caofeidian Port in Hebei Province, and Dalian in Liaoning Province.

Chinese President Hu Jintao will pay a state visit to Australia during the 15th Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of APEC from Sept. 3 to Sept. 9.

Meanwhile, operators of two other LNG terminals that are under planning are actively seeking suppliers in order to get the projects on track.

The Zhuhai LNG terminal, led by Guangdong Yudean Group, the largest state-owned power generator in Guangdong and CNOOC, has completed its feasibility study and is now seeking gas supply sources in order to get the final go-ahead from the central government. The company is aiming to land a gas deal by the end of the year, said an official with the project.

The China Petroleum & Chemical Corp. (Sinopec), which is building its first LNG terminal, also in Zhuhai, may consider purchasing Iranian LNG from Zhuhai Zhenrong, a state-owned company specializing in energy product import and export, according to the industry source.

China, the world's second largest energy consumer, is on a mission to boost the proportion of natural gas used in its overall energy mix in order to cut greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the country's dependency on oil. Market expectations that demand will soar in China have significantly boosted gas prices on the international market.

With a plan to bring up to five LNG terminals online by the end of 2010, CNOOC said that by 2020, it will need to import 60 million tons of the fuel per year, up from 3.7 million tons at present.




We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

Look forward to hearing from you soon.

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Sam Xu
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SKPYE:jiefu1996


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[+/-] : On titanium dioxide, 'the whitest of white' pigments

In the latest controversy surrounding land acquisition for corporate projects, the titanium dioxide plant proposed to be set up the Tata Group in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu has run into rough weather, with the local population expressing opposition and several political parties threatening agitations. The project is being opposed on environmental grounds and fear of loss of livelihood.

But what exactly is ilmenite and what are the industrial uses of titanium, which is extracted from it, and its dioxide?

Speaking to Business Line on the extraction and applications of titanium metal and titanium dioxide, Dr C.H. Krishnamurthi Rao, Chairman of Titanium Equipment and Anode Mfg Co Ltd (TEAM), a Chennai-based company, said that titanium dioxide, as the "whitest of white" pigments, finds extensive use in quality paints, paper and plastics.

"It is also used as an opacifying agent in cosmetics and printing inks, radioactive decontamination of the skin, glassware, ceramics and floor coverings. Besides, it finds application in delustering of synthetic fibres and lustrous finishing of cottons."

According to him, titanium dioxide is also used in high-temperature transducers in electronics and in the coating of welding rods.

On titanium metal, he said that as a non-corrosive metal having the "great advantage" of strength-to-weight ratio and high temperature heat resistance, it is the preferred structural material in aircraft, jet engines, missiles and satellites.

"It finds special applications in desalination, chlorine production and textile equipment."

Dr Rao's company, TEAM, has undertaken manufacture of titanium electrodes for use in caustic soda and other electrolytic industries.

"The availability of titanium electrodes was also responsible for the development and propagation of membrane cell technology in India, thus completely eliminating mercury pollution from the caustic soda industries."

TEAM had also involved itself in life science operations by manufacturing titanium hip and shoulder orthopaedic replacements and inserts.

According to Dr Rao, titanium metal is preferred because of its compatibility with biological fluids.

Desalination plants are another area offering immense potential, he added.

Stating that ilmenite, the titanic iron ore, is available in beach sand in areas like Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, Dr Rao said that after mining and beneficiation, it takes three streams of commercial products – upgraded ilmenite or synthetic rutile, chemical titanium dioxide and titanium metal.

"DCW Ltd manufactures upgraded ilmenite or synthetic rutile, which has 95 per cent of titanium dioxide content. It is only a raw material used in the manufacture of the dioxide. DCW produces around 42,000 tonnes of upgraded synthetic rutile."

Informing that titanium dioxide is manufactured by the chlorination of the ilmenite, he said that Kerala Minerals and Metals manufactures the dioxide through the rutile process, "wherein ilmenite ore is upgraded to make synthetic rutile, which is further upgraded to titanium tetrachloride. This is used in making titanium dioxide of rutile grade. Kerala Minerals and Metals produces around 36,000 tonnes of titanium dioxide." There are, however, environmental issues, especially relating to effluents.

For extraction of titanium metal, ilmenite is subjected to the process of reduction, using sodium or magnesium.

"The titanium sponge thus obtained is consolidated by melting, which requires highly sophisticated technology."

Dr Rao added that the Tatas have only said that they would be making titanium dioxide "but not specified what process they will be using – rutile or sulphate. For the rutile process, hydrochloric acid is used to leach ilmenite ore, while in sulphuric acid is used in the other. The rutile grade dioxide is superior in quality and price."

He also said that ilmenite ore containing minor quantities of monazite was earlier classified under the category of radioactive materials.

"The exploration, processing, export and import of these ores were under the vigilant control of the Mines and Minerals Act and the Atomic Energy Commission."

So far, the manufacture of titanium dioxide was the monopoly of public sector undertakings.

"Kerala Minerals and Metals remains the only indigenous source for titanium dioxide, and MIDHANI, Hyderabad, for titanium-rolled products out of imported titanium metal sponge (similar to ingots)."

Dr Rao attributed the flurry of investment in products based on ilmenite ore to the constant demand and bright prospects for both the chemical and metallic versions of titanium. – The Hindu




We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

Look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Sam Xu
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


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[+/-] : TIMET plans titanium melt capacity expansion

Titanium Metals Corporation ("TIMET" or the "Company") reported its net income attributable to common stockholders increased 41% to $76.3 million, or $0.42 per diluted share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, compared to $54.3 million, or $0.31 per diluted share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2006.

The Company's net sales increased 13% from $300.9 million during the second quarter of 2006 to $341.2 million during the second quarter of 2007 due primarily to increases in average selling prices and favourable changes in product mix. Overall industry fundamentals and outlook continue to support a long-term favourable trend in demand for titanium across all major industry market sectors which has favourably impacted melted and mill titanium prices. Current trends in market demands have also resulted in a shift of the Company's product mix toward an increased proportion of mill products, including a higher mix of aerospace plate and sheet products, which require additional processing and resources as compared to melted products, but which also command higher sales prices. While volumes of melted and mill products declined somewhat compared to the same period in the prior year due primarily to the near-term effects of production delays with certain commercial aircraft and other adjustments to build-out schedules of certain customers, increased pricing on our products and a favourable shift in product mix more than offset the effects of the decline in aggregate sales volume.

Operating income increased 26% to $118.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 compared to $93.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2006. In addition to increased production costs associated with the shift in product mix to a greater percentage of mill products, cost of sales also increased due to higher costs of certain raw materials, including titanium sponge. Despite the increased cost of sales associated with higher raw material and production costs, profitability improved, as the favourable effect of higher average selling prices and a favourable change in product mix more than offset the effect of the higher costs. Operating income comparisons were also impacted by a reduction in other operating income in 2007, due primarily to $4.1 million of equity in earnings TIMET recognized in the second quarter of 2006 from our VALTIMET joint venture that was sold in December 2006.

The Company's sales order backlog at the end of June 2007 was $1.0 billion compared to $1.0 billion at the end of March 2007 and $0.9 billion at the end of June 2006.

Steven L. Watson, Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, said, "We continue to see long-term favourable demand trends across all of our primary markets. Our facilities are operating at high capacity levels that improve cost efficiency, contributing to our record levels of operating income. While our near-term focus remains on maximizing our existing productive capacity through initiatives that emphasize efficiency, innovation and technological advances, we are also continuing our efforts to expand our productive capacity across all areas of our manufacturing operations. We are committed to maintaining the certainty, quality and reliability of supply to service the expanding needs of our current and prospective customers.

"Our 4,000 metric ton Vacuum Distillation Process ("VDP") sponge expansion in Henderson, Nevada commenced commercial production in April 2007, and we expect to be operating at full annual capacity of approximately 12,600 metric tons by the end of the third quarter of 2007. As part of our plans to assure our future supply of raw materials, we are continuing our design, engineering and site selection for a new VDP premium-grade sponge facility. We are also continuing to explore and pursue additional third-party long-term sources of sponge and scrap.

"Our electron beam cold hearth ("EB") melt capacity addition in Morgantown, Pennsylvania of approximately 8,500 metric tons, annually, is on schedule for an anticipated completion date of early 2008. We also commenced efforts to add a similar EB furnace at our Morgantown, Pennsylvania facility, scheduled to be completed in the last half of 2009. During 2007 we have also commenced construction of additional vacuum arc remelt ("VAR") capacity additions at our Witton, Morgantown and Savoie locations, all of which are expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2008. Upon completion, these melt capacity additions will increase our EB melt capacity by approximately 107% and will increase our VAR capacity by approximately 34%. As we continue to adjust our long-term business plan in response to industry trends, we will consider more additions to our melt capacity based on our raw material sources and product mix.

"We have numerous other capital projects in process to improve and expand our productive capacity for scrap recycling and production of mill products. We also continue to evaluate opportunities to enter into long-term conversion agreements with third parties to address certain areas of additional or expanded manufacturing requirements as an alternative to the addition or expansion of our internal manufacturing capacity. Our ongoing and planned expansions of sponge and melt capacities, as well as our efforts to expand our key relationships with third-parties, allow TIMET to remain positioned to effectively utilize available resources to strategically invest in our business to achieve profitable growth and return on invested capital. We continue to emphasize initiatives that will increase our participation in downstream value-added products and services which are expected to provide strong operating results."


We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

Look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Sam Xu
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


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[+/-] : Boeing signs JV with Russian titanium major

Boeing has set up a joint venture with Russia’s VSMPO-Avisma, the world’s largest titanium producer, to make components for the US aviation giant’s super-light Dreamliner passenger aircraft.

Boeing and the Russian titanium maker own the new company, Ural Boeing Manufacturing (UBM), with 50:50 stakes. It will primarily manufacture pressed titanium components, which will undergo finishing at Boeing’s factory in Portland, Oregon, before assembly, VSMPO-Avisma said.

The deal, originally announced in August 2006, has been met with apprehension in the west, which fears that the leading US aircraft maker could become too dependent on a supplier effectively controlled by the Kremlin.

UBM will start working in late 2008, when Boeing completes the purchase of equipment to be installed at the Ural plant, in which Russia has invested around $5-6 million, VSMPO-Avisma said. VSMPO-Avisma was established in July 2005. Boeing and European aircraft-making giant Airbus account for 30% of the Russian firm’s earnings.


We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

Look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Sam Xu
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


Fire retardant masterbatch

...
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[+/-] : On titanium dioxide, 'the whitest of white' pigments

In the latest controversy surrounding land acquisition for corporate projects, the titanium dioxide plant proposed to be set up the Tata Group in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu has run into rough weather, with the local population expressing opposition and several political parties threatening agitations. The project is being opposed on environmental grounds and fear of loss of livelihood.

But what exactly is ilmenite and what are the industrial uses of titanium, which is extracted from it, and its dioxide?

Speaking to Business Line on the extraction and applications of titanium metal and titanium dioxide, Dr C.H. Krishnamurthi Rao, Chairman of Titanium Equipment and Anode Mfg Co Ltd (TEAM), a Chennai-based company, said that titanium dioxide, as the "whitest of white" pigments, finds extensive use in quality paints, paper and plastics.

"It is also used as an opacifying agent in cosmetics and printing inks, radioactive decontamination of the skin, glassware, ceramics and floor coverings. Besides, it finds application in delustering of synthetic fibres and lustrous finishing of cottons."

According to him, titanium dioxide is also used in high-temperature transducers in electronics and in the coating of welding rods.

On titanium metal, he said that as a non-corrosive metal having the "great advantage" of strength-to-weight ratio and high temperature heat resistance, it is the preferred structural material in aircraft, jet engines, missiles and satellites.

"It finds special applications in desalination, chlorine production and textile equipment."

Dr Rao's company, TEAM, has undertaken manufacture of titanium electrodes for use in caustic soda and other electrolytic industries.

"The availability of titanium electrodes was also responsible for the development and propagation of membrane cell technology in India, thus completely eliminating mercury pollution from the caustic soda industries."

TEAM had also involved itself in life science operations by manufacturing titanium hip and shoulder orthopaedic replacements and inserts.

According to Dr Rao, titanium metal is preferred because of its compatibility with biological fluids.

Desalination plants are another area offering immense potential, he added.

Stating that ilmenite, the titanic iron ore, is available in beach sand in areas like Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, Dr Rao said that after mining and beneficiation, it takes three streams of commercial products – upgraded ilmenite or synthetic rutile, chemical titanium dioxide and titanium metal.

"DCW Ltd manufactures upgraded ilmenite or synthetic rutile, which has 95 per cent of titanium dioxide content. It is only a raw material used in the manufacture of the dioxide. DCW produces around 42,000 tonnes of upgraded synthetic rutile."

Informing that titanium dioxide is manufactured by the chlorination of the ilmenite, he said that Kerala Minerals and Metals manufactures the dioxide through the rutile process, "wherein ilmenite ore is upgraded to make synthetic rutile, which is further upgraded to titanium tetrachloride. This is used in making titanium dioxide of rutile grade. Kerala Minerals and Metals produces around 36,000 tonnes of titanium dioxide." There are, however, environmental issues, especially relating to effluents.

For extraction of titanium metal, ilmenite is subjected to the process of reduction, using sodium or magnesium.

"The titanium sponge thus obtained is consolidated by melting, which requires highly sophisticated technology."

Dr Rao added that the Tatas have only said that they would be making titanium dioxide "but not specified what process they will be using – rutile or sulphate. For the rutile process, hydrochloric acid is used to leach ilmenite ore, while in sulphuric acid is used in the other. The rutile grade dioxide is superior in quality and price."

He also said that ilmenite ore containing minor quantities of monazite was earlier classified under the category of radioactive materials.

"The exploration, processing, export and import of these ores were under the vigilant control of the Mines and Minerals Act and the Atomic Energy Commission."

So far, the manufacture of titanium dioxide was the monopoly of public sector undertakings.

"Kerala Minerals and Metals remains the only indigenous source for titanium dioxide, and MIDHANI, Hyderabad, for titanium-rolled products out of imported titanium metal sponge (similar to ingots)."

Dr Rao attributed the flurry of investment in products based on ilmenite ore to the constant demand and bright prospects for both the chemical and metallic versions of titanium. –


We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

Look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Sam Xu
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


Fire retardant masterbatch

...
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[+/-] : Antimony market summary Aug 2007

Antimony market saw another quiet week with both domestic sales and export business remaining slack.

Closed smelters in Hunan gradually resumed production, bringing more materials into the market. Coupled with weak demand, the antimony ingot market seemed to be quite dull. However, as antimony concentrate price remains high, smelters would not like to reduce offers further. Most smelters put their offers at RMB40,000-40,500/t (USD5,263-5,329/t) ex works for 99.65% antimony ingot and RMB40,500-41,000/t (USD5,329-5,395/t) ex works for 99.85% material. However, some smelters have reportedly concluded deals at RMB39,800-40,000/t (USD5,237-5,263/t) ex works with long-term buyers.

Antimony trioxide market softened a little affected by continuously weak demand. Mainstream prices decreased to RMB36,000-36,500/t (USD4,737-4,803/t) ex works from RMB36,300-36,800/t (USD4,776-4,842/t) ex works a week ago.

Meanwhile, the export market for antimony products did not see any improvement as foreign buyers still held back from purchasing. Traders reported slack business in export market. Foreign buyers showed no interest in offers of USD5,400/t FOB for antimony ingot and USD4,850/t FOB for antimony trioxide without famous brand. Meanwhile, the European spot market also kept silent as most participants were still absent from the market.




We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

Look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Sam Xu
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


Fire retardant masterbatch

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[+/-] : Flame retardant films

The present invention relates to flame retardant corrosion resistant polyethylene films, with the films preferably being in a laminated structure which shrinks or contracts upon application of heat to provide a tight fitting enveloping protective enclosure about large articles such as vehicles or other equipment during periods of non-use. These new films have the functions of providing both flame retardancy while simultaneously preserving the function of corrosion protection and being arranged to be incorporated in a laminate structure to provide tight-fitting enveloping protective enclosures about metallic articles when enclosed or packaged in these films. An anti-static component as well as an ultra-violet inhibitor may be added to the films of the invention without sacrifice of any of their desirable properties.

Flame retardancy in both films and textiles has become a necessity for certain articles with a number of applications being mandated by law. Similar mandates along with some requirements have been established by and for certain air carriers in connection with the fabrics employed within their interiors, and for many exhibition procedures. Flame retardancy in films is achieved by incorporating additives such as antimony oxides, certain borax salts and halogenated organics, all of which retard the flame propagation. A standard has been established as NFPA-701 and laboratories have been certified that approve articles and issue a certificate of conformance.

Paper and films that incorporate flame retardants have been available for many years. Paper coatings comprising corrosion inhibitors (hereafter sometimes referred to as "VCI") were initially developed about 1950. Selected VCI corrosion inhibitors in films that function as a source for volatile corrosion inhibitors became available commercially about 1980. Certain features of these two concepts along with certain other added features comprise the primary elements of the present invention. Among the added elements are the selection of flame retardant-corrosion resistant polyethylene films that shrink or contract upon application of heat, and also selection of certain of these films to be employed in a multi-layer laminate form.

The problem of blending the flame retardant (hereafter FR) chemicals with suitable VCI chemicals has been overcome with careful selection of components having preferred molecular structures. Chemicals commonly used for flame retardancy are mutually antagonistic when combined with typical VCI chemicals, with resulting reactions which either negate or substantially reduce their utility. In addition, many of the flame retardant chemicals are corrosive to metals and accordingly cannot be used in packaging metals. In the present arrangement, a multi-layer laminate such as a three-layer laminate with the interior or article-contacting film being blended with a corrosion inhibitor, and with the outer or exterior film containing flame retardant chemicals is especially useful. Additionally, the thermal properties of the films may be selected so that the resultant laminate is both flame retardant and corrosion resistant, while at the same time possessing the property of shrinking upon application of heat to provide tight-fitting enveloping protective enclosures. Certain polyethylene films, which are commercially available, possess the property of shrink capability for shrink-wrapping applications. In certain military applications, it may be both necessary and practical to utilize flame contact with the film in order to achieve the thermal shrinking. In this connection, it is believed that certain films prepared pursuant to the present invention are in compliance with the standards established by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). In certain applications, it may be desirable to utilize graded amounts of flame retardants and corrosion inhibitors in the individual layers, with a desirable arrangement being to provide a higher concentration of flame retardant compounds in the outer two films of a four-film laminate, with the vapor phase corrosion inhibitors being primarily concentrated in the inner two layers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that with a proper selection of films incorporating VCI chemicals and flame retardant chemicals along with the selection of multi-layer laminates of these films, a dual function film is obtained that provides flame retardancy and provides complete and long term corrosion protection to articles packaged therein. In multi-layer co-extruded films, the interior film is preferably blended with the corrosion inhibitor, while the exterior or outer film layer is blended with a flame retardant chemical.

The most effective flame retardant compositions are produced when colloidal antimony pentoxide (Sb2 O5) is blended with halogen containing compounds preferable at a mole ratio of about 3:1. Antimony trioxide (Sb2 O3) may also be utilized effectively in the same mole ratio.

Many brominated compounds ranging in percent bromine from a high of 75% bromine to a low of 36% are available commercially, with certain of these compounds being available from Great Lakes Chemical Corp. of West Lafayette, Indiana. Combinations of halogenated phosphate and phosphated esters with phosphorous content ranging from 6.5% to 17% are also available. Suitable flame retardant chemicals in this group are also available from Dow Chemical under the trade designation "Derkanes", from Interplastic under the trade designation "Co-Rezyn", and from Ashland under the trade designation "Hetron" and from Reichold under the trade designations "Dion" and "Atlac". Volatile corrosion inhibitor chemicals (VCI) that are effective are amine and ammonium salts, such as cyclohexylammonium benzoate, ethanolamine benzoate, amine salts of sebacic acid, and ammonium benzoate. Corrosion inhibitors that are also effective are sodium molybdate, sodium sebacate, and sodium nitrite.

Careful selection and mixing of the components is essential as the manufacturing process includes exposure to two separate heat cycles and it is imperative that the VCI chemicals and flame retardant chemicals be retained and do not react or otherwise form reaction products while undergoing both heat cycles.

In most cases, optimum flame retardant performance in a halogen/antimony system is attained when the halogen and antimony are present in a molar ratio such that there are three moles of halogen present per mole of antimony. Mole ratios between about 2.5:1 to 3.5:1 may be useful. For example, decabromodiphenyl oxide has a bromine content of 83%, and a melting point of about 300° C.-315° C. which makes it particularly inert through both heat cycles. Antimony oxide reacts with halogen acids to form volatile compounds in the presence of high heat and flame to form volatile compounds that terminate combustion reactions and extinguish flames. When the decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBO) was used in a formulation with antimony pentoxide in a ratio of 3 parts DBO to 1.3 part antimony pentoxide and thereafter blended with about 1 part corrosion inhibitor chemicals, a suitable final blend was obtained for the initial twin screw masterbatch preparation. Other high melting halogenated compounds are also available that have the low volatility necessary for the heat processing operations. A melting point of at least 200° C. is desired in both the flame retardant and VCI chemicals when used in applications pursuant to the present invention.

Therefore, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved flame retardant film which incorporates corrosion inhibitors, thereby providing the dual function of flame retardancy and corrosion protection.

It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide an improved flexible film with flame retardant properties, and wherein the film contains corrosion inhibitors which serve to provide an added element of protection to metallic components with surfaces that are reasonably likely to come into contact with the film.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an improved flexible polyethylene film in laminate form with flame retardant and corrosion inhibiting properties, and wherein the inner film in the laminate contains corrosion inhibitors, and wherein the outer or exterior film in the laminate contains a flame retardant component, and wherein the polyethylene film possesses the property of shrinking upon exposure to thermal energy.

Other and further objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a study of the following specification and appended claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, masterbatch formulation techniques are utilized to prepare a masterbatch of flame retardant and VCI components held within a low density polyethylene matrix. Thereafter, the masterbatches are mixed and/or blended as appropriate to a working formulation in order to produce films in accordance with the present invention.

The following examples provide a description of the steps to be undertaken in the preparation and/or fabrication of masterbatches and films pursuant to the present invention.

(A) MASTERBATCH PREPARATION

A twin screw extruder operating at a temperature range of 300° F. to 350° F. was used to produce a masterbatch of flame retardant and VCI chemicals in low density polyethylene. These masterbatches were further blended with the polyethylene and blown films were produced at a temperature range of 325° F. to 350° F.

Specific examples of masterbatch formulations are set forth in the following examples.

EXAMPLE I

A suitable FR-VCI masterbatch was prepared from the following components and chemicals:

Component Parts by Weight
Decabromodiphenyl oxide 24 parts
Antimony pentoxide 9 parts
Dicyclohexylammonium nitrate .32 parts
Benzotriazole .32 parts
Sodium molybdate 3.44 parts
Sodium nitrite 1.33 parts
LDPE polyethylene 61.59 parts.



EXAMPLE II

A suitable FR-VCI masterbatch was prepared from the following compounds and chemicals:

Component Parts by Weight
Poly (dibromostyrene) 30 parts
(available from Great Lakes
Chemical under the trade
designation "PDBS-80"
Antimony pentoxide 10 parts
Sodium sebacate 1 part
Cyclohexylammonium benzoate 1 part
Sodium molybdate 3 parts
Sodium nitrite 2 parts
LDPE polyethylene 53 parts.



EXAMPLE III

A suitable flame retardant/VCI masterbatch was prepared from the following components and chemicals:

Component Parts by Weight
Tribromophenoxy ethane 26 parts
(available from Great Lakes
Chemical under the trade
designation "FI-680"
Antimony pentoxide 8 parts
Ammonium salt of sebacic acid 2 parts
Monoethanolammonium benzoate 1.5 parts
Potassium molybdate 3.5 parts
LDPE polyethylene 59 parts.



EXAMPLE IV

A non-halogenated masterbatch can be prepared utilizing Zinc borate with such material being available under the Trade designation "Firebrake 2B", from U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp. of Los Angeles, Calif. This powder has the chemical formula: 2 ZnO.3B2 O3.3.5 H2 O and the water of dehydration is stable to 290° C. which makes it particularly useful for film extrusion temperatures of about 350° F.

A suitable FR-VCI masterbatch was prepared as follows:

Component Parts by Weight
Firebrake 2B 30 parts
Sodium nitrite 2 parts
Benzotriazole .5 parts
Sodium molybdate 4 parts
Dicyclohexylammonium nitrate .5 parts
LDPE polyethylene 63 parts.



This masterbatch produced with Firebrake is blended with LDPE polyethylene at a ratio of 15 parts masterbatch to 100 parts polyethylene to make a mixture suitable for producing a flame retardant VCI film.

The masterbatches of the above Examples I through IV are further blended with LLDPE and extruded at a temperature range of about 350° F. to produce films that were both flame retardant and produced excellent results when tested in the appropriate testing procedures for corrosion resistance films.

EXAMPLE V

Masterbatches containing certain of the active flame retardant ingredients which find utility pursuant to the present invention are also available commercially, and a particularly suitable one is "Endura PE-100" produced by the Polymer Products Co. of Stockerton, Pa. This masterbatch contains the following components percent by weight:

Component Percent by Weight
Antimony trioxide 15%
Decabromodiphenyl oxide 65%
Polyethylene 20%.



The masterbatch of this example can be further blended with a VCI masterbatch prepared from the following:

Component Parts by Weight
Benzotriazole 1.5 parts
Sodium molybdate 9 parts
Sodium nitrite 3 parts
Dicyclohexylammonium nitrate 1.5 parts
Polyethylene 85 parts.



After suitable mixing of the FR masterbatch and VCI masterbatch, films can be extruded as needed and/or required.

EXAMPLE VI

If desired, and when the antimony oxide and bromoaryl compounds do not provide sufficient anti-static properties, an effective amount of anti-static additive can also be added to masterbatches of the above examples if that property is needed. Although the antimony oxide and borox compounds function to some degree to reduce or release static in films, more conventional anti-static agents can be incorporated. A class of chemicals that have been found to not interfere with the combined flame retardancy function in the film forming compositions and VCI function are the substituted ethanol amides of fatty acids.

Component Parts by Weight
Tribromophenoxy ethane 26 parts
(available from Great Lakes
Chemical under the trade
designation "FI-680"
Antimony pentoxide 8 parts
Lauric diethanolamide (available 8 parts
from Chemax, Inc. of Greenville,
South Carolina under the trade
designation "AC-1000")
Ammonium salt of sebacic acid 2 parts
Monoethanolammonium benzoate 1.5 parts
Potassium molybdate 3.5 parts
LDPE polyethylene 59 parts.



This masterbatch containing the anti-static component is further blended with 100 parts of polyethylene to produce a mixture suitable for film extrusion. Those of conventional skill and wisdom are able to readily determine the quantity anti-static additive to be employed effective in the finished film product.

B. FILM PREPARATION

Films were prepared from the masterbatch described in Example I as follows:

Film #1--A 8-mil film was prepared from 67 parts of LDPE blended with 33 parts of Example I masterbatch. The 8-mil film was found to possess reasonable sealing properties and showed excellent results in four different corrosion resistance tests on carbon steel, copper, and aluminum.

Film #2--A 5-mil film was prepared from 67 parts of LDPE blended with 33 parts of Example I masterbatch. The 5-mil film showed good sealability and excellent results in corrosion testing. This 5-mil film was tested by a commercial laboratory for flame resistance. Three different flame criteria were tested, and this film was found to pass all three categories. The properties were such that this film was certified as passing NFPA-701-1996 fire tests for flame resistant films.

Film #3--A 10-mil film was prepared from 80 parts of LDPE blended with 20 parts of Example I masterbatch. The 10-mil film was somewhat more difficult to seal due to the combination of relatively heavy gauge thickness and high loading of chemicals. The corrosion tests were sufficiently successful so as to be encouraging.

C. FILM LAMINATES

A shrink film for shrink wrapping applications especially useful for the long term storage of large metallic articles such as military vehicles during periods of non-use is prepared by incorporating a small amount of pigment and ultra violet inhibitor into the resins used in the film preparation. This shrink film is prepared in co-extruded films or layers arranged in laminate form, with the laminate structure possessing the property of shrinking upon application of heat. The incorporation of flame retarding chemicals in the present invention also provides a mechanism for safely shrinking the film with open flame blow torches. This laminate structure, when employed in such a process, is especially useful for fast efficient application in remote military stations. The heavy loading of VCI chemicals in the inner layer also provides maximum corrosion protection over extended periods of time.

Film #4--A 10-mil co-extruded film designed for extended storage of military equipment is prepared as follows:

(1) The outer layer (3+mils) was selected to be the most flame retardant with 15 parts of non-halogenated flame retardant component employed in Example IV, and 2.25 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive extruded with 82.75 of low and ultra low density polyethylene. The ultra violet absorber used was obtained from UVTEC Inc. of Arlington, Tex. under the trade designation "AC9922". In certain applications, halogenated flame retardants may also be employed, such as those disclosed and utilized in the formulations in Examples I, II and III hereinabove.

(2) The middle layer (3+mils) contained 78 parts low and ultra low density polyethylene, 10 parts non halogenated flame retardant component employed in Example IV, 2 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive, 2 parts pigment, and 8 parts of the VCI masterbatch described in Example V.

(3) The inner layer (3+mils) contains the largest amount of vapor corrosion chemical so as to provide maximum corrosion protection to the enclosed equipment. The ratios of ingredients are as follows in the inner layer:

(a) 15 parts VCI masterbatch from Example V herein;

(b) 5 parts flame retardant additive from Example V herein;

(c) 2 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive extruded with 82.75 of low and ultra low density polyethylene;

(d) 1.5 parts color additive to create a tan or sand tone to the composite; and

(e) 76.5 parts low and ultra low density polyethylene.

The color additives are widely utilized in the art, and are well known to those of ordinary skill, with the color or tone selection being determined at least in part by the ultimate application. Additionally, ultra low density polyethylene is commercially available.

As is apparent, this new flame retardant vapor corrosion inhibitor film has been constructed to shrink, protect enclosed articles from ultra violet degradation, and provide an enclosed space that protects any enclosed metallic equipment form corrosive atmospheres and/or elements.

Film #5--A 10 mil co-extruded film designed for extended storage of military equipment is prepared as follows:

(1) The outer layer (3+mils) was selected to be blended with 15 parts of flame retardant as disclosed in the masterbatch of Example V and 2.25 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive extruded with 82.75 of low and ultra low density polyethylene.

(2) The next adjacent layer (3+mils) contained 78 parts low and ultra low density polyethylene, 10 parts non-halogenated flame retardant component employed in Example IV, 2 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive, 2 parts pigment and 8 parts of the VCI masterbatch described in Example V.

(3) The next adjacent inwardly directed layer (3+mils) contains the largest amount of vapor corrosion chemical so as to provide maximum corrosion protection to the enclosed equipment. The ratios of ingredients are as follows in the inner layer:

(a) 15 parts VCI masterbatch from Example V herein;

(b) 5 parts flame retardant additive from Example V herein;

(c) 2 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive extruded with 82.75 of low and ultra low density polyethylene;

(d) 1.5 parts color additive to create a tan or sand tone to the composite; and

(e) 76.5 parts low and ultra low density polyethylene.

(4) The inner layer (3+mils) contains only vapor phase corrosion inhibitor so as to provide maximum corrosion protection to the enclosed equipment. The ratios of ingredients are as follows:

(a) 20 parts VCI masterbatch from Example V herein;

(b) 2 parts ultra violet inhibitor additive extruded with 82.75 of low and ultra low density polyethylene;

(c) 1.5 parts color additive to create a tan or sand tone to the composite; and

(d) 76.5 parts low and ultra low density polyethylene.

This arrangement, as set forth, provides maximum protection for articles contained and/or enveloped within the enclosure, with the inner-most layer containing a large amount of VCI material and being arranged in close proximity next adjacent to the enclosed article.

D. GENERAL COMMENTARY

These examples, taken together with the testing of the films formed therefrom, provide workable films containing the desired combination of flame retardant, and VCI components, and anti-static when present. The exposure to the harsh environments which are required in both flame resistance as well as corrosion resistance, together with the results obtained, demonstrate the utility of the present invention for safety as well as long-term corrosion protection. Applications for films prepared in accordance with the teachings of this invention are wide-spread and virtually unlimited, with the formulations providing for long-term protection in spite of the mutually antagonistic properties of the flame retardant and corrosion resistance components.

Generally, to be effective in films, it has been found that the VCI component should be present in an amount ranging from between about 0.5% up to about 1.5% of the film blend. Similarly, effective amounts of the flame retardant component are generally found to be in the range of between about 8% and 15% of the film blend. These quantities provide effective protection throughout these ranges.

One of the features for appropriate selection of components such as set forth herein due to the exposure to two separate heat cycles during the film extrusion operation. These selected components must retain their effectiveness even when extruded and blown into films with temperatures typically ranging as high 335° F.

It will be appreciated that the examples given herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be taken as a limitation to which the present invention may be otherwise entitled.




We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : Manganese, selenium & molybdenum prices

Manganese prices jumped more than 15% last week to new record highs of US$4000/t on rising demand from China's steel industry, while bismuth gained nearly 5% to new record peaks on supply shortages.

Selenium surged to 16-month highs, while molybdenum oxide climbed to a seven-month high after China said it would raise export taxes.

Manganese, used to harden stainless steel, has gained nearly 200% since January.

Supply shortages from China have triggered a meteoric rise of more than 250% in selenium prices since last October.

Reinforcing the shortages is growing demand from Japanese and South Korean firms, who are using it as a substitute for lead in the manufacture of TV and computer screens.






We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : China to Realize Full Industrialization by 2021

The composite index of China's industrialization level would reach 100 by 2021, at which point the nation will have realized complete industrialization, according to China's first Blue Paper for Industrialization unveiled by the Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS) Thursday.

The composite index includes five main indicators, including the gross domestic product per capita, the gross product ratio among the agriculture, industry, and service industries, the proportion of manufactured goods of all total consumer goods, the population urbanization rate, as well as the employment rate in the agriculture, industrial, and service industries.

Based on a couple years of research on China's industrialization processes, the national social science academy concluded that the country has entered the later half of the intermediate industrialization phase.

The blue paper suggested that the proportion of agriculture as of 2005 has dropped to 12.6 percent of the national economy in terms of gross product. That figure is down from 27.9 percent in 1978, with the initiation of economic reforms. The employment rate in agriculture also declined to 44.8 percent in 2005 from 70.5 percent in 1978.

Meanwhile, the proportion of service industry production climbed to 39.9 percent in 2005 from 24.2 percent in 1978, and the employment rate there rose to 31.4 percent in 2005 from 12.2 percent about three decade ago.

The researching panel of the academy separated the industrialization processes into initial, medium, and final phases.

According to the academy's assessment, the comprehensive index of China's industrialization level was 18 in 1995 and 26 in 2000, indicating that the nation was sitting at the latter half of the initial phase of industrialization during its ninth “Five-Year Plan.”

The index saw an annual rise of four to five percent during the next five years and topped 50 by the end of 2005, meaning China's industrialization had entered into an intermediate stage.

If such a momentum remains, the blue paper predicted, with another decade of development, the comprehensive index will reach 100, or complete industrialization, by 2010.

Industrialization, however, is not equally balanced throughout the country. By 2005, the industrialization index had reached 78 in East China, 45 in Northeast China, 30 in Central China, and 25 in West China. Looking at the economic zones, the Yangzi River Delta scored 85, the Pearl River Delta 80, and the industrial zones around the Bohai Sea 70, all in the final industrialization stage.




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[+/-] : The Scar

A little boy invited his mother to attend his elementary school’s first teacher-parent conference. To the little boy s dismay, she said she would go. This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher met his mother and he was embarrassed by her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar that covered nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar.

At the conference, the people were impressed by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother despite the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone. He did, however, get within earshot of a conversation between his mother and his teacher, and heard them speaking.

"How did you get the scar on your face?" the teacher asked.

The mother replied, "When my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught on fire . Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, so I went in. As I was running toward his crib , I saw a beam coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked unconscious but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us." She touched the burned side of her face. "This scar will be permanent 8, but to this day, I have never regretted doing what I did."

At this point, the little boy came out running towards his mother with tears in his eyes. He hugged her and felt an overwhelming sense of the sacrifice that his mother had made for him. He held her hand tightly for the rest of the day.

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[+/-] : Flooded Coal Mine Traps 172 in E. China

Rescuers carry sand bags to repair the breach of a levee that caused floodwater to swamp a coal mine in east China's Shandong province, on Saturday, August 18, 2007. [Photo: Xinhuanet]

One hundred and seventy-two miners were trapped in a coal mine flooded by surface water in east China's Shandong province.

A miner earlier excluded was confirmed to be among the trapped, authoritative sources said on Saturday morning.

The flooding occurred at around 2:30 p.m. Friday in the coal mine of Huayuan Mining Co. Ltd (formerly known as Zhangzhuang coal mine) in Xintai City, about 150 kilometers south of Jinan, Shandong's capital.

A total of 756 miners were working underground at the time of the flooding and 584 managed to escape after the accident, Xu Qinyu, general manager of the company said on Saturday morning.

Downpours hit the area Friday with a precipitation of 205 millimeters, triggering flash flood and a 50-meter breach of a levee of the Wen river in the region.

Floodwater from the Wen river swamped the coal mine via an old shaft. A 100-millimeter rainfall Saturday night worsened the flooding situation. The rain ended around 7:00 a.m. Saturday.

By 8:50 a.m., the working places under the mine have been all inundated, according to the rescue headquarters.

Wang Ziqi, director of the Shandong coal mine safety administration, said the trapped miners had only slim chances of survival.

Most of the trapped people were from rural areas in Tai'an City and surrounding areas, said Wang Junmin, vice governor of Shandong.

About 2,000 Chinese People's Liberation Army troops, armed police and miners have closed up a 20-meter section of the breached levee of the Wen river.

Li Yizhong, director of the State Administration of Work Safety and Zhao Tiechui, director of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety have rushed to the site to oversee rescue efforts.

The mine of Huayuan Mining Co. Ltd is a licensed one with an annual capacity of 750,000 tons.

Rescuers carry sand bags to repair the breach of a levee that caused floodwater to swamp a coal mine in east China's Shandong province, on Saturday, August 18, 2007. [Photo: Xinhuanet]

One hundred and seventy-two miners were trapped in a coal mine flooded by surface water in east China's Shandong province.

A miner earlier excluded was confirmed to be among the trapped, authoritative sources said on Saturday morning.

The flooding occurred at around 2:30 p.m. Friday in the coal mine of Huayuan Mining Co. Ltd (formerly known as Zhangzhuang coal mine) in Xintai City, about 150 kilometers south of Jinan, Shandong's capital.

A total of 756 miners were working underground at the time of the flooding and 584 managed to escape after the accident, Xu Qinyu, general manager of the company said on Saturday morning.

Downpours hit the area Friday with a precipitation of 205 millimeters, triggering flash flood and a 50-meter breach of a levee of the Wen river in the region.

Floodwater from the Wen river swamped the coal mine via an old shaft. A 100-millimeter rainfall Saturday night worsened the flooding situation. The rain ended around 7:00 a.m. Saturday.

By 8:50 a.m., the working places under the mine have been all inundated, according to the rescue headquarters.

Wang Ziqi, director of the Shandong coal mine safety administration, said the trapped miners had only slim chances of survival.

Most of the trapped people were from rural areas in Tai'an City and surrounding areas, said Wang Junmin, vice governor of Shandong.

About 2,000 Chinese People's Liberation Army troops, armed police and miners have closed up a 20-meter section of the breached levee of the Wen river.

Li Yizhong, director of the State Administration of Work Safety and Zhao Tiechui, director of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety have rushed to the site to oversee rescue efforts.

The mine of Huayuan Mining Co. Ltd is a licensed one with an annual capacity of 750,000 tons.

Rescuers use sand bags to repair the breach of a levee that caused floodwater to swamp a coal mine in east China's Shandong province, on Saturday, August 18, 2007. [Photo: Xinhuanet]






We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : Official: China Has Little Influence on Intl Pork Trade

The soaring price of pork in China will have little influence on the international pork trade as the country was largely self-sufficient in its supply, said a Ministry of Commerce spokesman on Thursday.

Asked whether China was preparing to import more than 20,000 tons of pork to boost supply and help check price rises, Wang Xinpei the ministry spokesman, said China had always been buying pork on the international market, but its imports were usually dwarfed by exports.

Customs figures show that China imported 24,000 tons of pork last year and 21,000 tons in the first half of this year. It exported 270,000 tons of pork in 2006 and 83,000 tons in the first half of this year.

Wang said imports usually accounted for only 0.4 percent of China's annual consumption of more than 50 million tons of pork.

Wang said the Ministry of Commerce had since the beginning of August dispatched 15 inspection teams to supervise pork supply across the country. The domestic pork market remained largely stable, and pork was available nationwide.

China's corporate, or wholesale, pork price rose 11.5 percent in July, making an 85.8-percent increase on the same month last year, while frozen pork was up 89.2 percent in price from July last year.

The soaring prices, due largely to short supply and mounting production costs, contributed significantly to China's 33-month-high consumer price index, which rose 5.6 percent from July last year.

The average meat price in China fell for the first time in two months last week, falling 1.2 percent from the previous week thanks to the government's and producers' efforts to increase supply, the Ministry of Commerce announced on Wednesday.

The price of pork was down 1.5 percent from the previous week. In some areas, the wholesale price of live pigs went down, the ministry said





We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : China's antimony ingot prices surge to $5,600/mt FOB

China's antimony ingot prices have surged to around $5,500-5,600/mt FOB China, led by prolonged tight supplies to the export markets, according to industry sources Tuesday. Prices were at $5,400-5,500/mt FOB China in late July and were at around $5,200-5,300/mt FOB China in June.

An official from Beijing Antaike, the state-run nonferrous information provider, told Platts: "Spot deals are said to be done at $5,600/mt FOB China. Chinese supplies for exports remain tight as some producers in Hunan region had cut down production earlier."

According to local industry sources, antimony producers in the Hunan region earlier were required to temporarily stop production due to environmental concerns. Only those larger-scale producers who met the environmental standards set by the local government were allowed to continue production. China's Hunan province is rich in antimony reserves.

The Antaike source added: "Antimony producers in Hunan region are undergoing consolidation, while some producers have just resumed their output. The situation continues to slow export activity as it normally takes half a month to one month to ship the material to overseas consumers."

He, however, expected that prices were "very unlikely to have much room to move up further as it would be too high for overseas consumers."

He added that domestic prices for antimony ingot and antimony trioxide were now quoted at around Yuan 41,000 ($5,406)/mt and Yuan 38,000/mt, respectively.

One Hong Kong-based trader agreed that spot material was recently sold at around $5,600/mt FOB China. "Antimony ingot prices are higher but there is a lack of trade activity as it's difficult to get the spot material for exports," he said.

Meanwhile, an official from Yunnan Muli Antimony Mine said the company is at present offering antimony trioxide at Yuan 38,000/mt ex-plant. "Domestic prices are steady so far," he said. The official added that the company aims to produce 6,000 mt/year of antimony trioxide in 2007.




We can supply any quantity and any kind of Antimony products and fire retardant from stock.would you please inform us how many you need and your target price, then we will confirm ASAP. We are sincerely hope to do business with you and establish long term business relationship with your respectable company.

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[+/-] : Halogenated Flame Retardant:BC-52

BC-52 is a brominated, aromatic flame retardant for thermoplastic resin systems.
BC-52, a white powder, offers excellent thermal stability, UV stability and color
in the final part.

Phenoxy-terminated carbonate oligomer of Tetrabromobisphenol A CAS Reg. Number [94334-64-2]


Yucheng BC-52 unique combination of properties makes it a suitable flame retardant in PBT,
PET, PET/ PBTblends, PC, ABS, ABS/PC blends, Polysulfone, and SAN. The UV stability of Yucheng BC-52 allows it to be formulated for applications subjected to indoor fluorescent and casual outdoor sunlight exposure. Yucheng BC-52's high purity allows its use applications requiring excellent electrical and thermal properties.

The use of proper protective equipment is recommended. Excess exposure to the product should be avoided. Wash thoroughly after handling. Store the product in a cool, dry, well- ventilated area away from incompatible materials. Unless stated, proper storage will permit usage of the product for 6 to 12 months from the date of receipt. For additional handling and toxicological information, consult the Material Safety Data Sheet.


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[+/-] : Non-flammable, thermoplastic moulded materials with improved anti-drip properties

Flame-retardant, thermoplastic molding materials containing A) at least one polyphenylene ether, B) at least one vinylaromatic polymer and C) at least one flameproofing agent, comprise D) an amount of expandable graphite which increases the resistance of the molding material to dripping and are used for the production of flame-retardant moldings, fibers and films.

The present invention relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic molding materials having improved resistance to dripping, their use for the production of fibers, films and moldings, and the fibers, films and moldings produced therefrom.

Polymer blends comprising polyethylene ether (PPE) and styrene polymers are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,383,435, 4,128,602 and 4,128,603. Such molding materials are suitable for the production of shaped articles which are distinguished by a better heat distortion resistance compared with high impact polystyrene (HIPS) which is not blended with polyphenylene ethers. A detailed description of the properties of these polymer blends is also to be found in L. Bottenbruch, Technische Polymer-Blends, Kunststoff Handbuch 3/2, Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1993.

An important advantage of the polymer blends comprising a polyphenylene ether and styrene polymers is that molding materials which are flame-retardant and are therefore used for many applications in the area of electrical engineering can be prepared by adding halogen-free flameproofing agents, phosphorus-containing compounds being mentioned in particular. With regard to the use in the area of electrical engineering, in particular the testing of the flame-retardancy according to UL 94 (in J. Troitzsch, International Plastics Flammability Handbook, page 346 et seq., Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1990) is critical. In this test, a flame is repeatedly applied to vertically fastened test specimens. The test specimen heats up to a very great extent, resulting in many cases in the dripping of burning polymer material which ignites the cotton wool pad mounted under the rod. This undesired behavior is observed particularly when large amounts of flameproofing agents have to be used to achieve short combustion times.

The problem of the dripping of burning particles in the UL 94 test has long been known and is solved in the industry generally by adding small amounts of Teflon as an antidrip agent (U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,232). However, attempts have recently been made completely to avoid the use of halogen-containing compounds in thermoplastic molding materials. However, suitable alternative antidrip agents have not been found to date.

EP 0 297 868 discloses the use of expandable graphite in combination with carbon black of a certain specification for establishing the conductivity of thermoplastic or heat-curable resins. The resins obtained according to EP 0 297 888 are suitable in particular for the production of electrically conductive materials, such as electrodes, and for shielding electromagnetic waves. However the problem of improving the resistance to dripping is not tackled therein.

JO 3181 532 likewise disclosed the use of expandable graphite for thermoplastic molding materials. However, no flame-retardant molding materials are described therein. The purpose of adding graphite according to JO 3181 532 was to improve the electrical conductivity as well as the thermal conduction and frictional properties.

It is an object of the present invention to provide flameproofed thermoplastic molding materials, in particular molding materials based on polyphenylene ethers and styrene polymers, with resistance to dripping has been improved by the addition of a halogen-free antidrip agent.

We have found that this object is achieved and that, surprisingly, the addition of an amount of expandable graphite which increases the resistance to dripping, in particular of from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of expandable graphite, can reduce the dripping of flame-retardant molding materials. According to the invention, it is possible in particular to obtain molding materials based on PPE and HIPS whose resistance to dripping has been substantially increased. In the fire test according to UL 94, these novel molding materials can achieve the classification V 0.

This result is all the more surprising since neither EP 0 297 888 nor JO 31 81 532 gives any indication that the fire behavior and in particular the dripping behavior of thermoplastic molding materials, for example molding materials comprising polyphenylene ethers and high impact polystyrene, can be improved simply by means of expanded graphite.

The present invention therefore relates to flame-retardant, thermoplastic molding materials containing a thermoplastic resin based on one or more polyphenylene ethers and at least one vinylaromatic polymer, a flameproofing agent and an amount of expandable graphite which increases the resistance to dripping of the molding material. Preferably, the expandable graphite is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 10, preferably from about 0.5 to about 9, in particular from about 0.5 to about 7.5, % by weight, based on the total weight of the molding material.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a thermoplastic, flame-retardant molding material which contains, based in each case on the total weight of the molding material

A) from about 5 to about 97.5% by weight of polyphenylene ether,

B) from about 1 to about 93.5% by weight of styrene polymer,

C) from about 1 to about 20% by weight of flame-proofing agent,

D) from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of expandable graphite,

E) from about 0 to about 50% by weight of impact modifier and

F) from about 0 to about 60% by weight of conventional additives.

The preferably provided molding material is one which contains, based in each case on the total weight of the molding material,

A) from about 15 to about 87.5% by weight of polyphenylene ether,

B) from about 10 to about 82.5% by weight of styrene polymer,

C) from about 2 to about 19% by weight of flame-proofing agent,

D) from about 0.5 to about 9% by weight of expandable graphite,

E) from about 0 to about 25% by weight of impact modifier and

F) from about 0 to about 50% by weight of conventional additives.

A particularly preferred molding material is one which contains, based on the total weight of the molding material,

A) from about 20 to about 82% by weight of polyphenylene ether,

B) from about 15 to about 77% by weight of styrene polymer,

C) from about 2.5 to about 18% by weight of flame-proofing agent,

D) from about 0.5 to 7.5% by weight of expandable graphite,

E) from about 0 to about 20% by weight of impact modifier and

F) from about 0 to about 30% by weight of conventional additives.

According to the invention, at least one polyphenylene ether known per se is used as component A). These are in particular compounds based on substituted, in particular disubstituted, polyphenylene ethers, the ether oxygen of one unit being bonded to the benzene nucleus of the neighboring unit. Polyphenylene ethers substituted in the 2- and/or 6-position relative to the oxygen atom are preferably used. Examples of substituents are halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which preferably has no a tertiary hydrogen atom, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. The alkyl radicals may in turn be substituted by halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, or by hydroxyl. Further examples of possible substituents are alkoxy, preferably of up to 4 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy and n-butoxy, or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen and/or by alkyl. Also suitable are copolymers of various phenols, for example copolymers of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol. Mixtures of different polyphenylene ethers can of course also be used.

Examples of polyphenylene ethers are poly(2,6-dilauryl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-diethoxy-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-methoxy-6-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-ethyl-6-stearyloxy-1,4-phenylene ether), poly-(2,6-dichloro-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-methyl-6-phenyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-dibenzyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene ether), poly-(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene ether) and poly(2,5-dibromo-1,4-phenylene ether). Preferably used polyphenylene ethers are those in which the substituents are alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-diethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-methyl-6-ethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-methyl-6-propyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-dipropyl-1,4-phenylene ether) and poly(2-ethyl-6-propyl-1,4-phenylene ether).

For the purposes of the present invention, polyphenylene ethers are also to be understood as meaning those which are modified with monomers, such as fumaric acid, maleic acid or maleic anhydride.

Such polyphenylene ethers are described, inter alia, in WO 87/00540.

Regarding the physical properties of the polyphenylene ethers, those which have a weight average molecular weight Mw of from about 8000 to about 70,000, preferably from about 12,000 to about 60,000, in particular from about 25,000 to about 50,000, are used in the compositions. This corresponds to an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.18 to about 0.7, preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.62 and in particular from about 0.39 to about 0.55 dl/g, measured in chloroform at 25.degree. C.

The molecular weight distribution is determined in general by means of gel permation chromatography (0.8.times.50 cm Shodex separation column of the type A 803, A 804 and A 805 with THF as eluent at room temperature). The PPE samples are dissolved in THF under pressure at 110.degree. C., 0.16 ml of a 0.25% by weight solution being injected. Detection is effected in general using a UV detector. The calibration of the columns was carried out using PPE samples whose absolute molecular weight distributions were determined by a GPC/laser light scattering combination.

The component B) is preferably a toughened vinylaromatic polymer which is advantageously compatible with the polyphenylene ether used.

Examples of preferred vinylaromatic polymers compatible with polyphenylene ethers are stated in the monograph by O.Olabisi, Polymer-Polymer Miscibility, 1979, pages 224 to 230 and 245.

Both homopolymers and copolymers of vinylaromatic monomers of 8 to 12 carbon atoms, which are prepared in the presence of a rubber, are suitable. The rubber content is from about 5 to about 25, preferably from about 8 to about 17, % by weight, based on the weight of the component B).

Suitable high impact polystyrenes are for the most part commercially available and have a viscosity number (VN) of the hard matrix of from about 50 to about 130, preferably from about 60 to about 90, ml/g (0.5% strength in toluene at 23.degree. C.).

Particularly suitable monovinylaromatic compounds are styrene and the styrenes substituted on the nucleus and on the side chain. Preferred substituents are halogen, in particular chlorine and bromine, hydroxyl, and C.sub.1-4 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and tert-butyl. Examples of these compounds are chlorostyrene, a-methylstyrene, styrene, p-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene and p-tert-butylstyrene. However, styrene alone is preferably used.

The homopolymers are generally prepared by the known mass, solution or suspension processes (cf. Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der techn. Chemie, Volume 19, pages 265 to 272, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1980). The homopolymers may have weight average molecular weights Mw of from about 3000 to about 300,000, which can be determined by conventional methods.

Examples of suitable comonomers for the preparation of copolymers are (meth)acrylic acid, alkyl (meth)acrylates where the alkyl radical is of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride as well as maleimides, acrylamide and methacrylamides and their N,N- or N-alkyl-substituted derivatives in which the alkyl radical is of 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl radicals include C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl of the above definition and n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl and their branched analogs.

The comonomers are contained in the styrene polymers in different amounts depending on their chemical structure. The miscibility of the copolymer with the polyphenylene ether is critical with regard to the content of comonomers in the copolymer. Such miscibility limits are known and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,360,618 and 4,405,753 and in the publication by J. R. Fried and G. A. Hanna, Polymer Eng. Sci. 22 (1982), 705 et seq. The copolymers are prepared by known processes which are described, for example, in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, Volume 19, page 273 et seq., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1980). The copolymers have in general weight average molecular weights (Mw) of from about 10,000 to about 300,000, which can be determined by conventional methods.

The component B) is particularly preferably high impact polystyrene.

The generally used processes for the preparation of high impact polystyrenes are mass or solution polymerization in the presence of a rubber, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,692, and mass suspension polymerization processes, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,862,906. Other processes can of course also be used provided that the desired particle size of the rubber phase is established.

The natural or synthetic rubbers usually used for toughening styrene polymers are used as the rubber. Suitable rubbers for the purposes of the present invention in addition to natural rubber are, for example, polybutadiene, polyisoprene and copolymers of butadiene and/or of isoprene with styrene and other comonomers, which have a glass transition temperature, determined according to K. H. Illers and H. Breuer, Kolloidzeitschrift 190 (1) (1963) 16-34, of less than -20.degree. C. According to the invention, mixtures of different toughened polymers of the above definition may also be used.

The novel molding materials may contain, as component C), the following compounds C1, C2 and C3 individually or as a mixture:

C1) Phosphine oxide of the formula (I) ##STR1##

where R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and straight-chain or branched, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or cycloalkyl groups of up to 40 carbon atoms.

Preferred alkyl radicals here are C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, in particular C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3,5,5-tri-methylhexyl and substituted alkyl radicals, such as cyanoethyl.

Preferred aryl radicals are phenyl and naphthyl as well as monosubstituted or polysubstituted radicals, such as tolyl, xylyl, mesityl and cresyl.

Preferred alkylaryl radicals are C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkylaryl, in particular C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylaryl, the alkyl moiety and aryl moiety being as defined above.

Preferred cycloalkyl groups include C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl, such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

Suitable substituents are cyano, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and halogen, such as F, Cl, Br and I.

C2) Phosphate of the formula (II) ##STR2##

in which the substituents R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c are identical or different and have the abovementioned meanings, and

C3) a boron compound.

Examples of phosphine oxides C1) are triphenylphosphine oxide, tritolylphosphine oxide, trisnonylphenylphosphine oxide, tricyclohexylphosphine oxide, tris(n-butyl)phosphine oxide, tris(n-hexyl)phosphine oxide, tris(n-octyl)phosphine oxide, tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine oxide, benzylbis(cyclohexyl)phosphine oxide, benzylbisphenylphosphine oxide and phenylbis(n-hexyl)-phosphine oxide. Triphenylphosphine oxide, tricyclohexylphosphine oxide, tris(n-octyl)phosine oxide and tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine oxide are particularly preferably used.

Particularly suitable phosphates C2) are alkyl- and aryl-substituted phosphates. Examples are phenyl bisdodecyl phosphate, phenyl bisneopentyl phosphate, phenyl ethyl hydrogen phosphate, phenyl bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phosphate, ethyl diphenyl phosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) p-tolyl phosphate, tritolyl phosphate, trixylyl phosphate, trimesityl phosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphate, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphate, bis(dodecyl) p-tolyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl phenyl phosphate, p-tolyl bis(2,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. Phosphorus compounds in which each of the radicals R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c is an aryl radical are particularly suitable. Triphenyl phosphate, trixylyl phosphate and trimesityl phosphate are very particularly suitable. Cyclic phosphates may also be used. Particularly suitable here is diphenyl pentaerythrityl diphosphate.

Particularly preferred mixtures of the following phosphine oxide C1) and phosphate C2) combinations are: triphenylphosphine oxide/triphenyl phosphate or trixylyl phosphate, tricyclohexylphosphine oxide and triphenyl phosphate, tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine oxide and triphenyl phosphate, and tris(n-octyl)phosphine oxide and triphenyl phosphate. Mixtures of a plurality of phosphine oxides and phosphates may also be used, for example the mixture comprising triphenylphosphine oxide, triphenyl phosphate and trixylyl phosphate.

The molecular weight is in general not more than about 1000, preferably from about 150 to about 800.

According to the invention, boron compounds C3) are to be understood as meaning both inorganic and organic boron compounds.

Examples of inorganic boron compounds are boric acid, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and salts of boric acid, preferably with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Boric acid, sodium borate and boron oxide are particularly preferred.

Organic boron compounds C3) are, for example, tetraphenyl borates, such as sodium tetraphenylborate, and tribenzyl borate.

In the case of a mixture of C1, C2 and C3, the composition of the component C) is in general, based on the content of the total component C):

C1) from 1 to 98.9, preferably from 10 to 85, in particular from 20 to 70, % by weight

C2) from 1 to 98.9, preferably from 10 to 85, in particular from 20 to 70, % by weight

C3) from 0.1 to 70, preferably from 5 to 50, in particular from 10 to 30, % by weight.

Other suitable components C) are organophosphorus compounds of the formulae (IV), (V) and (VI) ##STR3##

where

R.sup.1 and R.sup.4, independently of one another, are each unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl;

R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, independently of one another, are each unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy,

R.sup.5 is alkylene, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --N.dbd.N-- or --(R.sup.6)P(O)--, where R.sup.6 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl, and n and p, independently of one another, are each from 1 to 30.

Suitable substituents in compounds of the formulae (IV), (V) and (VI)



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