Antimony trioxide,Antimony trioxide Masterbatch: May 2007

Wednesday, May 23, 2007

[+/-] : Bolivia looks to raise taxes on mining companies to 50% of profit

publish Metal Supplier at 10:54 PM 0 comment

Bolivia plans to hike taxes on mining companies to 50% of profit, from 35% now, as leftist President Evo Morales strives to reap more benefits from the country's mineral wealth, a mining official said.

After taking office as the country's first president of indigenous descent in January 2006, Morales drastically raised taxes on natural gas operations and nationalised reserves of the fuel.

He has repeatedly pledged to carry out similar reforms in the mining sector.

"They (mining companies) are taking 65% of profits ... and the government only collects approximately 35%. We want that percentage to be more equal, so they take 50%, and we take 50%," said the head of the mining ministry commercialisation and investment unit, Freddy Beltran,.
Bolivia hosts some major global mining companies, including US-based Apex Silver Mines and Coeur d'Alene Mines Corp.

Both companies are due to start production at large silver mines over the next year, and are so heavily invested in the country that pulling out because of the tax is not a likely scenario, Beltran said.

The government plans to send a draft law to increase the tax burden on mining companies to Congress soon, the official said.

The reform aims to introduce a new 10% tax on profits and close a legal loophole that grants miners hefty discounts on income tax payments.

It also aims to broaden the scope of the Complementary Mining Tax (CMT) – which acts like a royalty – to include minerals such as bismuth, iron, copper and antimony, which currently do not pay the levy.

The CMT ranges from 1% to 10% of the export value of the mineral.

The tax hike and efforts to revitalise state-run mining company Comibol are at the heart of government plans to tighten the state's grip on Bolivia's vast reserves of tin, zinc, wolfram, lead, silver and gold.

The bill to reform the tax code is likely to move quickly through parliament, where the official party has a clear majority, but its implementation could be held back by the opposition-controlled Senate.

"Their idea is not to ratify anything proposed by the official party ... so we're going to face a tough battle there (in the Senate)," Beltran said.

Earlier this year, opposition senators were able to delay for several weeks the implementation of contracts by which energy companies agreed to continue operating in the country under the rules outlined by Morales' energy nationalisation plan.

The contracts give the government an average of 82% of revenues generated from Bolivia's natural gas reserves, the second-largest in South America after Venezuela's.

The government has already pocketed hundreds of millions of dollars thanks to Morales' energy shake-up, but analysts argue his efforts to stamp out poverty with the extra cash are hampered by corruption, inefficiency and a lack of direction.

In January, the government said it was considering raising mining taxes sixfold but had to back down after thousands of independent miners staged a massive protest in the country's administrative capital, La Paz.

With an investment of some $600m, Apex's San Cristobal project is set to become the world's third-biggest silver mine once it starts operations later this year.

Meanwhile, Coeur d'Alene is investing some $175m in its San Bartolome silver project, which is scheduled to come on stream in January 2008.

Several Canadian companies have assets in Bolivia, including Eaglecrest Explorations, Apogee Minerals and Orvana Minerals Corp.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
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[+/-] : Export to slow down in Shanghai

publish Metal Supplier at 10:52 PM 0 comment

The export of general carbon products slows down at present due to the issuance of export tax policy on 21 May. According to the new policy which will take effect on 1 June, there will be 5-10% tax imposed on the carbon products, including wire rod, flat rolled and sections.

Zhonglian International, a local trader for carbon products, with a export volume of more than 30,000tpm, reported that the cost increased by USD30/t for flat rolled and USD50/t for wire rod and sections. According to the sales executive from the company, the price of SS400/Q235 5.5mm*1500mm*C FOB Shanghai is USD580-590/t without the tax of 5%.

“The pace of export will definitely slow down,” the source said, “because our customers in target markets can not accept the high price.” She said the company mainly exports the products to Middle East, North America and Africa, and the price adding the tax is no more competitive. For example, in North America the price of carbon plate is at the same level as that of other foreign mills at present, while the quantity is not so approbatory as the latter’s. “So I think the export will be slower until the international price moves up,” she said.

Another Shanghai-based exporter for flat rolled, SK Networks, expressed the similar point of view. “The cost will increase by USD28-32/t for carbon plate to USD609-619/t,” the sales official from the company said, “so our customers do not place large orders at present.” He reported the importers in oversea market are watching the market trend and they just inquire the price list presently.

With an export volume of 10,000tpm, the source said the pace will be dragged down but the quantity will not decrease much in the following months. “The price still has room for increase seeing the price in oversea market is moving up step by step.” he said.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Asian antimony market quiet

publish Metal Supplier at 10:50 PM 0 comment

Asian antimony market keeps quiet, with few deals concluded. Weak demand is still the main factor hindering the market from moving up, market sources said.

A Japanese antimony trioxide producer reported that some Chinese suppliers offered USD5,350/t CIF Japan for antimony ingot, USD150/t lower than the previous offer. “Due to the continuing sluggish market, suppliers want to release stocks. I think that’s the reason that suppliers reduce offers,” said the source.

However, the company, which makes purchases through long-term contracts, has no plan to make up stocks at the moment.
A trader from Hong Kong revealed that Asian market for antimony products has not seen any improvement yet. “We did not conclude any deals of antimony ingot over month, but only sold small quantities of antimony trioxide to consumers in North America,” said the source, adding that buyers from Japan, Korea, India and other Asian countries have little intention of entering into the market.

According to the source, standard antimony ingot is being offered at USD5,300-5,350/t FOB CMP and around USD4,500-4,550/t FOB for antimony trioxide. However, the source stressed that antimony trioxide with famous brand is quoted USD50-100/t higher.

“As buyers have been out of the market for a long time, I think they will soon start to recoup stocks. Therefore, I hold that the market has little room to dip further,” the source added.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Antimony market in a low profile

publish Metal Supplier at 10:48 PM 0 comment

[+/-] : Antimony premiums steady despite lull in spot business

publish Metal Supplier at 10:44 PM 0 comment

BEIJING (Asian Metal) 24 May 07 – European antimony market continues to be steady one more day as dealers and consumers wait for any real decrease in Chinese export price.

"Things remain quiet this week. Chinese say they are decreasing price but most consumers do not believe it, so they are waiting to see what happens," one British dealer said.

At close, European participants quoted antimony 99.65%min at around USD5,400-5,500/mt CIF Rotterdam and for antimony trioxide at USD4,600-4,700/mt CIF Rotterdam.

Industry observed agreed that everyone remained in a guarded mood, concerned about the stock market. “The situation is very negative for the market. Business is all hand-to-mouth for urgent needs as more and more consumers are using substitutes."

As for the future market, any participant consulted forecast any change in the situation. “Antimony ingot price has remained largely stable despite pressure from consumer for lower tags. Material quota has almost doubled in the last six months. This price makes very difficult any trade.”

At close, European participants quoted antimony 99.65%min at around USD5,400-5,500/mt CIF Rotterdam and for antimony trioxide at USD4,600-4,700/mt CIF Rotterdam.

Industry observed agreed that everyone remained in a guarded mood, concerned about the stock market. “The situation is very negative for the market. Business is all hand-to-mouth for urgent needs as more and more consumers are using substitutes."

As for the future market, any participant consulted forecast any change in the situation. “Antimony ingot price has remained largely stable despite pressure from consumer for lower tags. Material quota has almost doubled in the last six months. This price makes very difficult any trade.”

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

...
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[+/-] : Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide

publish Metal Supplier at 9:43 PM 0 comment

In flame retarding thermoplastics, the synergistic action between halogenated flame retardants and antimony trioxide is well known in the plastic industry (1). For the terpolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), formulating an efficient flame retardant (FR) system constantly challenges the end user. The Izod impact strength and translucency are two key properties that are diminished because of the particle size and pigmentation strength of antimony trioxide. The loss in translucency limits the range of available color choices because of the high loading required to offset the tinting effect of antimony trioxide.

This paper will demonstrate the benefits of flame retarding ABS with the synergist BurnEx™ ADP494 Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide. Most notably, higher Izod impact strength and a minimal loss of translucency can be achieved. These advantages are a result of the differences in physical properties between antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5) and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3).

In addition, during processing BurnEx ADP494 disperses in the ABS matrix to a 0.03 micron particle size, which not only reduces any tinting effects, but is less detrimental to the Izod impact strength as well. Production of FR-ABS with BurnEx ADP494 Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide achieves higher impact strength and the ability to use most color concentrates at a low loading, resulting in lower cost formulations for the end user.

INTRODUCTION

As the information revolution evolves, personal computers and telecommunication equipment are expanding from the office to the home and becoming part of our everyday life. In some cases, these devices require flame retardancy, which typically diminishes the polymer's physical properties(2). The end user is constantly challenged to balance performance and cost-effectiveness when formulating an efficient flame retardant package.

In flame retardant formulations, the use of metal oxides as synergists in organohalogen systems is well known throughout the industry. The three most important metal oxides are antimony trioxide (ATO), antimony pentoxide (APO) and sodium antimonate(1). Nyacol manufactures and distributes antimony pentoxide as either colloidal sols or as a spray-dried powder. The typical physical properties of antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide are summarized in Table 1(3). Antimony pentoxide offers unique performance advantages because of its lower refractive index and submicron particle size. This paper will show that by using BurnEx colloidal antimony pentoxide in flame retarding ABS, the non-pigmenting submicron particles are less detrimental on the polymers physical properties and preserves the translucency of the base ABS.

Table 1 – Typical Properties of Antimony Pentoxide & Antimony Trioxide

Property

Antimony Pentoxide

Antimony Trioxide

Chemical Formula

Sb2O5

Sb2O3

Molecular Weight

323.5

291.5

Refractive Index

1.7

2.1

Particle Size

0.03 microns

0.25-3.0 Micron

Specific Gravity

3.8

5.3

Acidity

Weakly acidic

Usually neutral

Solubility

Concentrated hot acids

Dilute acids & bases

Color

Off white

White

Form

Colloid or powder

Powder

Surface Area m2/gm

50

0.4-2.3

EXPERIMENTAL RAW MATERIALS

The ABS resin used was a general purpose high-gloss grade from Dow Chemical. The melt flow rate (MFR) was 6.0 g/10 min (3.8 kg, 230° C) and the Izod impact strength was 5.5 ft-lb/in.

The halogens that were evaluated are commonly used to flame retard ABS. The three brominated compounds were: tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBAA), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBPE) and octabromodiphenyl oxide (OBDPO).

The antimony pentoxide was BurnEx ADP494 formulated at mole ratios of 3:1 and 4:1, bromine to antimony metal respectively, for each system.

Antimony trioxide was formulated with each halogen for comparison purposes at either a 3:1 or 4:1 mole ratio.

Table 2 is a list of all the raw materials used in this evaluation.

Table 2 – Raw Materials

Compound

Type

% Br

MP ° C

Manufacturer

ABS

Dow

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA)

Soluble

58.8

179-181

Albemarle

Bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBPE)

Soluble

70.0

223-228

Great Lakes

Octabromodiphenyoxide (OBDPO)

Soluble

79.8

70-140

Great Lakes

Antimony Pentoxide - BurnEx ADP494

Nyacol

Antimony Trioxide

Campine

Reed OmniColor Color Concentrates

Reed Spectrum

Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)

36% Cl

Dow/Dupont

PROCESSING

The synergist, either APO or ATO, was blended with the halogen in a V-blender prior to compounding. All the formulations were processed on a ZSE-27 mm Leistritz intermeshing twin-screw extruder with a length to diameter ratio of 36 to 1. The gear box was set-up for counter-rotation and the screw configuration was a "general mixing" design used to compound fillers. The ABS resin and the flame retardants were fed into the feed throat of the extruder and one barrel section was vented for devolatization of the melt stream. The extrudate strands were cooled in a water trough and chopped into pellets. Process conditions were kept the same for all formulations.

After extrusion, the pelletized samples were injection molded on a 33-Ton Cincinnati-Milacron injection molding machine using a standard ASTM test specimen mold cavity. Zone temperatures, injection pressures and mold temperature were kept the same for all samples. All the specimens were conditioned and tested according to ASTM test protocols. Table 3 is a summation of the process conditions.

Table 3 – Process Conditions

Extrusion Conditions

Melt Temperature

225-250° C

Screw Configuration

Counter-rotation

RPM

100

Molding Conditions

Mold Temperature

130° F

Melt Temperature

420° F

Total Cycle Time (sec)

30

Back Pressure (psi)

50

TESTING

All the materials were tested according to ASTM standards for plastics. Tensile properties were determined using ASTM D638. Izod impact testing and instrumented impact testing were carried out according to ASTM D256 and D3763. Melt flow rate was performed according to ASTM D1238 and the heat deflection temperature used ASTM D648.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fr-Abs Tbba Blends

The melt-blendable flame retardant TBBA is widely used for formulations requiring good processability and cost-effectiveness. This halogen provides excellent flow characteristics but sacrifices Izod impact strength. Summarized in Table 4 are the results of the physical properties for all the formulations based on TBBA. Formulation #1 is the base ABS and formulation #2 contains only the halogen TBBA.

From this data, the Izod impact strength for the formulations using antimony pentoxide were higher than the Izod values for antimony trioxide, 2.0 to 2.2 ft-lb/in versus 1.0 to 1.5 ft-lb/in respectively. This compares to the Izod impact strength of 5.5 ft-lb/in for the neat ABS and 1.7 ft-lb/in for formulation #2, which contained only the halogen TBBA.

Data for instrumented impact testing was also generated for formulations #8 and #4. Testing was conducted on a GRC Dynatup Instrumented Impact Tester. Formulation #8 based on antimony pentoxide had an Average Total Energy of 3.33 joules as compared to 1.20 joules for formulation #4 based on antimony trioxide. These results show that the resistance to break was more than double for the FR-ABS formulated with antimony pentoxide as compared to antimony trioxide.

The tensile strength was slightly higher for the APO blends and flammability was the same for all samples, a UL-O4 V-2 rating. The burning drip was not unexpected because the melt-blendable TBBA is known to cause a reduction in viscosity.

The appearance of the TBBA/APO samples was translucent as compared to the opaque TBBA/ATO compounds.

Table 4 – TBBA Formulations

Formulation wt.%

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

ABS

100

77.0

77.5

79.5

75.9

77.9

77.0

75.6

TBBA

23.0

17.6

16.0

17.1

14.9

15.5

16.4

BurnEx ADP494

7.0

7.2

7.5

8.0

ATO

4.9

4.5

MR (Br/Sb)

4

4

4

3

3

3

% Br

13.5

10.4

9.4

10.0

8.7

9.1

9.6

% Sb

4.1

3.7

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.5

Physical Properties

MFR (g/10 min)
3.8 kg 230° C

5.8

10.5

11.6

15.8

16.0

18.2

17.5

HDT @ 264 psi, ° C

72.8

67.8

Instrumented Impact (joules)

1.20

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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Sunday, May 20, 2007

[+/-] : North America's Leading Antimony Oxide Distributor since 1992

publish Metal Supplier at 11:17 PM 0 comment

Although London Metal Bulletin price this week is unchanged, but most suppliers in China are asking at least 20 m. ton higher now. We assume this is due to shortage of export license and the raw material. We still hope prices not to go up any higher before Chinese New Year.

In Mexico a cobalt miner is extracting cobalt ore which has also 7% Antimony in the ore. Such a low concentration of antimony does not make economical sense to extract it from the ore. We tried to sell it to China but due to low concentration they are not interested although they are interested to buy 10,000 m. ton concentrate from any origin.

As indicated before, Italy has also found an Antimony mine in Italy but they are not offering to sell their concentrate or the Sb metal.

Year 2004 started with a price of $2600/m. ton and went up as high as $ 3200 and ended at a price $ 2800 average per ton. During last few years, the average price for 2004 was higher than normal. Because antimony consumption is not extra sensitive to the price (Elasticity of less than 1) and the consumption has been as high as last few years.

During 2005, we expect the new producers of antimony start their antimony production, such as Australia, Russia, Peru Italy and especially South Africa. If this happens the supply will be higher and prices will be more stable.

During past two years no new consumption for antimony oxide was reported, otherwise prices would have been higher than present level.

We know of few laboratories in Europe who are making research to find a suitable substitute for antimony oxide.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Use of Submicron Inorganic Flame Retardants in Polymeric Systems-antimony trioxide

publish Metal Supplier at 10:55 PM 0 comment

Flame retardants composed of solid inorganic particles generally have an adverse effect on the physical and aesthetic properties of polymers and synthetic fibers. Colloidal sized particles, however, maintain aesthetic and physical qualities and provide flame retardant properties. This paper discusses the advantages of antimony oxide flame retardant particles having a size less than 0.1 micron. Particular attention will be given to polyolefin systems, the importance of choosing a halogen, and the effects on antimony oxides on a polymer processing system.

Advances in fine denier polypropylene fiber processing have opened the carpet face and wall covering markets to this versatile polymer. Aesthetically pleasing polypropylene structural products, such as waste baskets and other containers, have also found a niche in the marketplace.

At the same time, today’s consumer is demanding flame retardant goods. Manufacturers need a product that flame retards the polymer and also maintains its physical and aesthetic properties.

There currently are two systems that effectively flame retard polymers: halogenated systems and non-halogenated systems. Many manufacturers would prefer a non-halogenated system, such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydrate, ammonium phosphate, etc. principally because halogenated systems have received negative publicity. Non-halogenated systems, however, require loadings of up to 60% of flame retardant, and the physical and aesthetic properties of the base polymers are negatively affected as a result. In the case of fine-denier fibers, a usable fiber could not be produced with these high flame retardant loadings.

Halogenated systems offer the advantage of lower loadings to achieve the desired levels of flame retardancy. In fact, several fiber manufacturers have dictated that no more than 8% active FR ingredients can be used in a finished fine denier fiber. Most halogenated FR compounds and all non-halogenated systems, however, cannot meet this criteria.

Antimony oxide and halogenated organic compounds combine to produce a synergistic action that flame retards plastics at desirable loading levels. Many combinations of antimony oxide and halogenated additive systems are available.

An ideal flame retardant system would also be easily processed and would safeguard the physical and aesthetic properties of a polymer. It would incorporate a melt-blendable halogenated additive with a submicron antimony oxide particle. This combination should yield an acceptably flame-retarded product with good tensile strength, impact resistance and elongation. The finished product should also be untinted/translucent.

An antimony pentoxide powder that disperses to colloidal size (.03 micron) particles is the only FR additive that meets all these criteria. A detailed comparison of colloidal-sized antimony pentoxide versus antimony trioxide (the smallest particle size commercially available) is given in Table 1.

Table 1 – Physical Properties of Antimony Pentoxide vs. Trioxide

Figure 1 shows the visual impact of a submicron antimony pentoxide particle on a 1.5 denier polypropylene fiber vs. antimony trioxide. The antimony pentoxide particle occupies only 0.2% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber vs. 7% for antimony trioxide.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We tested the desirability of several potentially acceptable antimony oxide/halogenated additive systems for polypropylene fiber and translucent products. The antimony oxides used in this screening study were:

1. Nyacol® ADP480 – a powder which disperses to colloidal size (.03 micron) particles in nonpolar hydrocarbons; and
2. Antimony trioxide powder.

Both antimony oxides were individually compounded into a flame retardant concentrate with each of five halogenated additives:

1. Brominated aromatic ester (63% Br)
2. Brominated polystyrene (60% Br)
3. Brominated polystyrene (66% Br)
4. Brominated aromatic compound (66% Br)
5. Chlorinated paraffin (74% Cl)

We produced concentrates of each combination to test the complete dispersion of the ingredients when the product was let-down into the polymer. This is critical in fine-denier fiber applications.

The concentrates contained 50% active FR ingredients in a carrier of polypropylene. This carrier was chosen to maintain the physical properties for fine denier fiber applications.

Table 2 summarizes the flame tests results of this initial screening of FR compounds. Only one halogen/antimony oxide compound exhibited flame retardancy according to the UL-94 vertical flame test. That one system is antimony pentoxide or trioxide with a brominated aromatic compound.

The antimony pentoxide compounds were all rated V-2 according to UL-94 with afterflame times ranging from 0 to 3.8 seconds, depending on FR concentration. The trioxide compounds were rated V-0 through FAIL depending on FR concentration. The V-0 ratings achieved by trioxide at high loading levels (8 and 12%) were probably due to the rheology of the polymer being changed as a result of trioxides larger particle size, which reduced the quality of drips as well as reducing their flaming characteristics.

Table 2 – Flame Test Summary of Polypropylene

ADP480 is a colloidal-sized antimony pentoxide

A summary of the physical property test results of the UL-94 acceptable materials is given in Tables 3 and 4. The results with 1/8" thick test pieces show the antimony pentoxide and trioxide to be reasonably comparable from the perspectives of elongation and tensile strength. It would be expected that the larger trioxide particles would have a negative effect on these characteristics as the thickness of the test piece decreased.

The Izod impact data, however, show that the material with pentoxide has a significant advantage at all loading levels. In fact, the Izod data for polypropylene processed with antimony pentoxide-based flame retardants are comparable to the Izod result for virgin PP.

Table 3 – Physical Property Summary

ASTM states that tensile strength and elongation at break value for unreinforced polypropylene plastics generally are highly variable due to inconsistencies in necking of the center section of the test bar. Tensile strength and elongation at yield are more reproducible.

3

ASTM D638

Figure 2 shows the advantage of the smaller antimony pentoxide particles. The Izod data is 38 to 75% better for the Nyacol ADP480 compounds than for the trioxide-based compounds. As with elongation and tensile strength data, we strongly believe that as the test piece thickness decreases, the difference between pentoxide- and trioxide-based compounds will become even more exaggerated in favor of pentoxide-based compounds.

The antimony pentoxide- and trioxide-based flame retardant compounds processed equally well at all loading levels except at 12%, where the trioxide-based flame retardant compounds processed more easily. The larger trioxide particles may have absorbed the halogen material and thereby prevented puddling or slippage in the throat of the extruder. Ease of processing is probably a moot issue, however, since the industry standards for FR loading levels are expected to be no higher than 8%.

Figure 2 – ADP480 vs. Trioxide-based compounds

Table 5 shows the color effects of the flame retardant additive on the polymer. This data is reported as a L’a’b’ total color difference as measured on a Minolta CR-200 Chroma Meter with virgin polymer as the base standard. The color is reported in the standard CIE 1976 L’a’b’ notation. Figure 3 graphically shows a dramatic difference between Nyacol ADP480-based compounds and those processed with trioxide. ADP480 has less pigmenting or whitening effect than trioxide on the base polymer.

Table 5 – Color Effect of Additive on Polymer – Unpigmented
V Slightly Translucent

A comparison of antimony pentoxide versus trioxide reveals a color difference at 4% loading of 34.2 versus 58.7, respectively. At 4% loading the FR additive system utilizing antimony pentoxide shows that the test piece at 1/8 inch thickness begins to exhibit some translucency (L’a’b’ delta of 43.7). The level of translucency for the antimony pentoxide compounds increases as the loading level drops to 1% (L’a’b’ delta of 19.4). The antimony trioxide compounds are opaque at all loading levels except at 1% loading, where the test pieces exhibit only slight translucency (L’a’b’ delta of 35.7), but the material fails UL-94.

One of the curiosities of physics, which we will not attempt to explain, is that very small and very large particles have low hiding power, or opacity. There is, on the other hand, an optimum size for maximum opacity. For antimony trioxide, the 0.5 – 1 micron particles provide maximum opacity. Figure 4 dramatizes the translucence at 4% loadings of antimony pentoxide vs. antimony trioxide when compounded with virgin polypropylene. The affects of a 2.5% FR compound pentoxide vs. trioxide are also shown.

Differences in opacity levels in unpigmented environments help explain why less color concentrate is required to obtain a given color in an antimony pentoxide vs. trioxide flame retarded material. Generally a polymer system that uses antimony trioxide as a flame retardant will require an average of four times more pigment to achieve a particular shade than a polymer system that contains antimony pentoxide. Even higher proportions of pigment are needed to achieve dark red and blue tones when antimony trioxide is involved (see Figure 5). Dollar savings for pigments can be significant when antimony pentoxide is used for flame retardancy.

SUMMARY

Our goal in undertaking this study was to identify FR systems which could be used to flame retard fine denier PP fiber and/or "translucent" PP products. Our results indicate that an FR system based on colloidal sized antimony pentoxide best achieves this goal. This antimony pentoxide FR systems achieved good physical properties and translucency (aesthetics) as well as excellent flame retardancy. Our next step is to take this FR system and determine its effects in direct fiber production and other areas requiring translucency or reduced pigment loadings.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
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Wednesday, May 16, 2007

[+/-] : Antimony in Europe; more stable market forecast

publish Metal Supplier at 6:55 PM 0 comment

[+/-] : Antimony market keeps slack 2007-5-17

publish Metal Supplier at 6:53 PM 0 comment

BEIJING (Asian Metal) 17 May 07 – Sources informed that antimony market keeps slack and prices remain stable at RMB39,000-40,000/t (USD5,078-5,208/t) ex works for 99.65%min antimony ingot and around RMB36,000/t (USD4,688/t) ex works for antimony trioxide.

A Hunan-based producer said that they quote RMB40,000-40,500/t (USD5,078-5,273/t) ex works for 99.65%min antimony ingot, however, few deals were conlcuded due to low deamnd. The source also confirmed antimony trioxide market is not optimistic either, with prices around RMB36,000/t ex works (USD4,688/t) for good quality material.
According to the source, the main reason for the market sluggish is that consumers still have materials on hand. Once they begin to make up stocks, the situation will turn better.

The smelter, one of the approved suppliers for antimony products, is running regularly.

A Guangzhou-based trader revealed that the company mainly deals with antimony ingot, but the market is so disappointing that they intend to stop the business for a while. “Prices stabilize at RMB39,000-40,000/t (USD5,078-5,208/t) ex works, but inquiries are few,” said the source.

The source believed it would take a long time for the market to recover unless there is a turnaround in export market.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
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[+/-] : Ferrochrome market not strong in China

publish Metal Supplier at 6:49 PM 0 comment

Sunday, May 13, 2007

[+/-] : Chinese scholars call for Mother's Day with Chinese characteristics

publish Metal Supplier at 6:39 AM 0 comment

JINAN, May 12 (Xinhua) -- As many people around the world celebrate Mother's Day on Sunday, a Chinese scholar and member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) has made it his mission to create China's own Mother's Day festival.

《 The Woman In My Life / 母爱无边》

Li Hanqiu, a memeber of the CPPCC National Committee, believes that the second day of the fourth Lunar month, which falls on May 18 this year, should be the day when mothers are honored in China as it coincides with the birth date of fourth century BC Confucian philosopher Mencius, whose mother is regarded as being synonymous with maternal devotion and love.

Li has called for the traditional western gift of carnations to be changed to day lilies, which in ancient times were planted by mothers in their courtyards as a sign of sorrow at their children leaving home.

"In a country with a deeply-rooted tradition of filial piety, we should have our own occasion for people to express love for mothers according to Chinese customs," Li said.

Li has founded a non-government organization called the "Chinese Mothers' Festival Promotion Society" with the support of around 100 Confucian scholars and lecturers of moral ethics.

The society plans to celebrate its first Chinese Mother Festival on May 18 in Shijiazhuang, north China's Hebei Province.

"This is our first year and the celebration will only be held in Zoucheng (city in Shandong Province) and Shijiazhuang, but we believe it will be accepted by more Chinese people at home and abroad if it is conducive to revitalizing our traditional culture of piety," said Li.

In a collaboration between Li and the local government, work has begun on a theme park of maternity culture in Zoucheng, the birthplace of Mencius.

"Even though the western Mother's Day is becoming more and more popular worldwide, countries like France, Egypt, South Korea, Portugal and Indonesia are all celebrating their own mother's days in their own ways," said Lu Zonghai, secretary of Li's society.

"In China, the Mother Festival should have deeper cultural meanings, rather than just being about business," Lu said, "which is why we want it on a different day."

According to Li, the society plans to bombard a million students in 100 cities with pamphlets advocating filial piety over the next few years.

"To ensure the festival is entrenched in Chinese society may bean arduous process, but it is definitely worth trying, because it is an attempt to revitalize our traditional culture that is being left behind," said Chen Xuxia, an academician with Hebei Academy of Social Sciences.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Metal reserves found on "roof of world"

publish Metal Supplier at 6:37 AM 0 comment

BEIJING, Feb. 13 -- Vast metal reserves lie deep beneath the surface of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, according to the first large-scale geological survey of the area.

Officials with the China Geological Survey (CGS) say once exploited, the reserves will greatly relieve the current strain on China's limited resources.

The seven-year survey, results of which were released yesterday by the CGS, was carried out to gauge the area's resources and tourism potential.

It has found more than 600 potential sites for new mines.
It is estimated that the plateau has reserves of 30-40 million tons of copper, 40 million tons of lead and zinc and several billion tons of iron ore.

Notably, a series of rich iron seams were discovered in Nixiong, near the Plateau's center, which offer reserves of up to 500 million tons.

Rich iron ore can be directly refined without prior treatment and so is prized by steel producers.

If proven, the Nixiong rich iron ore seams would be China's first substantial rich iron ore supplies.

The plateau, which straddles six provinces and autonomous regions in Southwest China, stands an average of 4300 meters above sea level.

Harsh conditions at that height mean more than half the 2.6 million square kilometre area has yet to be surveyed, said Zhuang Yuxun, director of the Department of Geological Investigation of the CGS.

It took more than 1,000 experts from 24 geological survey teams seven years to come up with the survey's results.

With the help of remote sensing equipment, combined with a lot of hiking, the experts have produced 110 regional geological maps on a 1:250,000 scale. The maps are the first to detail the plateau's mineral resources and potential tourism spots.

"The survey represents an historical step in our understanding of the geology of China," said Zhang Hongtao, deputy director of the CGS.

He noted that most developed countries had completely surveyed their territories to a scale of 1:50,000.

"We will speed up the surveying process to more accurately locate these minerals," said Zhang. "Once mines are developed they will greatly relieve the strain on China's existing resources."

Despite the promise of rich rewards from mining in the area, Zhang called for a gradual development of mining, warning that blind exploitation could permanently damage the plateau's fragile ecosystem.

"We suggest a gradual development, with natural restoration plans drawn up before industrial exploitation begins," he said.

The survey also unearthed thousands of fossilized sea creatures, confirming that the plateau was once sea bed.

Zhang said the fossils could prove invaluable for understanding the area's geological transformation.

The area is currently thought to have been sea bed more than 100 million years ago, which was forced up by upheaval in the earth's crust.

"It is likely that a major theory geo-science breakthrough will come from finds on the plateau," said Li Tingdong, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

(Source: China Daily)

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : China leads world in nonferrous metals output

publish Metal Supplier at 6:37 AM 0 comment

[+/-] : China's steel products prices expected to move down in second half

publish Metal Supplier at 6:35 AM 0 comment

BEIJING, March 28 (Xinhua) -- Steel product prices on the Chinese market may fall in the second half of 2007, industry insiders predicted in a conference recently.

Overcapacity and trade disputes will force steel product prices down in domestic market, experts said at the 2007 Steel Market and Trade Conference held in Guangzhou, capital of south China's Guangdong province.

"Supply and demand in the domestic market maintained a subtle balance last year," deputy general manager Jia Liangqun of Mysteel, a steel information website, explained.

The country's crude steel output surged by 18 percent annually to 419 million tons in 2006 and was expected to reach 475 million tons or even higher in 2007, according to official data.
China's apparent consumption of crude steel amounted to 384.05 million tons last year, while domestically-made steel products accounted for a record 95.82 percent of China's steel market last year.

"We can expect a price decline in China if exports are limited," Jia said. "Supply far exceeds domestic demand, which is too high to speed up any further."

China exported more than 43 million tons of steel products in 2006, an increase of 109.58 percent from the previous year, making it one of the world's major exporters.

Shortages of steel products on the international market were likely to come to an end in the second half of this year, warned Peter Marcus, managing partner of World Steel Dynamics.

Meanwhile, overseas markets are under pressure to limit China's steel exports.

"We hope China can limit its exports to Europe from five million tons in 2006 to two million tons in 2007," said Gordon Moffat, a director of Eurofer, a European steel-makers association.

The fast increase in iron and steel exports triggered trade disputes with China's trade partners. Altogether 11 countries had launched 27 anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations against China in 2006, mainly involving the United States and the European Union, the main export markets.

According to Zhang Guobao, Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Chinese government would formulate a policy to cut the rate of export rebates for some steel products to curb exports.

"Steel product prices will remain stable," Luo Bingsheng, vice-chairman of the China Iron and Steel Association, said. "We will coordinate our members if there are extreme fluctuations."

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : China introduces export licenses for 83 steel products

publish Metal Supplier at 6:32 AM 0 comment

BEIJING, May 7 (Xinhua) -- China will apply export license management to 83 steel products as of May 20 amid efforts to rein in the expanding steel exports and trade surplus, according to the Ministry of Commerce.

The ministry said it has issued a joint notice with the General Administration of Customs saying 83 steel products including cold-rolled sheets, hot-rolled steel rolls and plates are subject to export licenses.

The license system only applies in general trade, according to the notice.

China exported 14.13 million tons of steel products in the first quarter, up 118.4 percent from the same period a year earlier, according to the General Administration of Customs.

The administration said the nation exported 5.38 million tons of steel in March, slightly lower than the record high of 5.55 million tons set last December.
China removed as of April 15 exports tax rebates on 83 steel products and lowered the rate on 76 others to five percent as it strives to cut its trade surplus.

The surplus soared to 46.44 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of this year, nearly double the 23.3 billion U.S. dollars surplus in the same period last year.

Curbing exports by the energy and pollution-intensive steel industry will also help the government attain its goal in energy saving and pollution control, a new policy priority for the government, observers here said.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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Wednesday, May 09, 2007

[+/-] : Ingredients for wire and cable

publish Metal Supplier at 1:38 AM 0 comment

Huber Engineered Materials offers the wire and cable compounder ingredients for :

* Flame retardance
* Smoke suppression
* Electrical performance
* Physical property enhancement

The world’s most widely used flame retardant is alumina trihydrate (ATH) and Huber Engineered materials has a broad line of products to meet the needs of formulators.

Here’s how ATH works: At approximately 440°F (225°C), the three water molecules in alumina trihydrate are released in an endothermic reaction. The released water molecules quench the surface of the surrounding materials, thus providing flame retardance and smoke suppression.

Because alumina trihydrate contains no halogens or heavy metals, it is more environmentally friendly than flame retardants based on antimony metal or chlorinated and brominated (halogenated) compounds.

Narrow the particle size distribution with 1 micron Micral 9400 and chemically treated analogs. A narrower particle size distribution means fewer large particles and lower surface area.

Huber’s Hymod® M-9400 SP imparts improved mechanical properties, increased water resistance and improved processing. And Huber’s Hymod M-9402 is phenyl has a silane treated. Both have low electrolytes.

Increase compatibility with silicone rubber by using an ATH with Huber’s SP silane surface treatment. ATH treated with a reactive silane improves dispersion and increases mechanical properties. The hydrophilic end of the silane molecule is reacted to the ATH, thus reducing the silane’s water sensitivity. The other end is available to crosslink with the elastomer. Hymod M-632 SP and Hymod M-9400 SP impart improved mechanical properties, increased water resistance and improved processing. The average particle sizes are approximately 5, 2 and 1 micron, respectively, imparting excellent flame retardant efficiency.

Process at temperatures above 400°F (204°C) with Vertex ST or Zerogen® 50SP surface-treated magnesium hydroxide. Magnesium Hydroxide provides flame retardance similar to alumina trihydrate, but it dehydrates at 550°F (288°C). Like ATH, it contains no halogens or heavy metals.

Vertex ST is a treated magnesium hydroxide that enables easy dispersion into elastomers. It does an excellent job
imparting flame retardance in thermoplastic polyolefins for single-ply roofing. Its untreated analog is Vertex 60. Zerogen 50SP is finer and more pure than Vertex ST and is used in wire and cable applications.

Calcined kaolin clays such as Polyfil® 70 and Polyfil 90 have high brightness (91% - 93%) and offer excellent wet
and dry electrical properties because bound water is eliminated during the calcining process.

Silane-treated clays, such as Polyfil WC and Polyfil WC-426, are more compatible with polymers, thus improving dispersion and processing. They will also crosslink with some elastomers.

By using a pre-treated kaolin, you eliminate the risk of uneven silane treatment, and the improved uniformity results in increased tear and tensile properties.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

...
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[+/-] : Two ways to improve flame retardance: Alumina trihydrate and Magnesium Hydroxide.

publish Metal Supplier at 1:32 AM 0 comment

The world’s most widely used flame retardant is alumina trihydrate (ATH).

Here’s how ATH works: At approximately 440°F (225°C), the three water molecules in alumina trihydrate are released in an endothermic reaction. The released water molecules quench the surface of the surrounding materials, thus providing flame retardance and smoke suppression.

Because alumina trihydrate contains no halogens or heavy metals, it is more environmentally friendly than flame retardants based on antimony metal or chlorinated and brominated (halogenated) compounds.

Lower compound viscosity and reduce cost with SB 30, SB 36 or SB 222, Huber’s lowest surface area and most affordable grades of ATH. These ATH grades have average particle sizes of 50, 25 and 14 microns, respectively, and the surface area is less than 1.3 m2/gram.

Increase flame retardant efficiency by using high surface area ATH products such as Micral ® 632 or Micral 932. The increased surface area releases more water molecules at high temperatures.

Narrow the particle size distribution with 1 micron Micral 9400 and chemically treated analogs. A narrower particle size distribution means fewer large particles and lower surface area. This is important for applications such as wire and cable.

Huber’s Hymod® M-9400 SP imparts improved mechanical properties, increased water resistance and improved processing.

Impart high flame retardant efficiency with low compound viscosity with a surface-treated ATH such as Hymod SB-432CM, Hymod M-632 SP or Hymod M-9400 SP. These treated ATHs will have lower mixing viscosity than their untreated analogs.

Increase compatibility with silicone rubber by using an ATH with Huber’s SP silane surface treatment. ATH treated with a reactive silane improves dispersion and increases mechanical properties. The hydrophilic end of the silane molecule is reacted to the ATH, thus reducing the silane’s water sensitivity. The other end is available to crosslink with the elastomer. Hymod M-632 SP and Hymod M-9400 SP impart improved mechanical properties, increased water resistance and improved processing. The average particle sizes are approximately 5, 2 and 1 micron, respectively, imparting excellent flame retardant efficiency.

Process at temperatures above 400°F (204°C) with Vertex® ST or Zerogen® 50SP surface-treated magnesium hydroxide. Magnesium Hydroxide provides flame retardance similar to alumina trihydrate, but it dehydrates at 550°F (288°C). Like ATH, it contains no halogens or heavy metals.

Vertex ST is a treated magnesium hydroxide that enables easy dispersion into elastomers. It does an excellent job
imparting flame retardance in thermoplastic polyolefins for single-ply roofing. Its untreated analog is Vertex 60. Zerogen 50SP is finer and more pure than Vertex ST, and is used in wire and cable applications.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
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[+/-] : Magnesium hydroxide functions in the same manner as alumina trihydrate

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Thursday, May 03, 2007

[+/-] : Antimony Trioxide

publish Metal Supplier at 10:09 PM 0 comment

THIS chapter reviews the physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, toxicological, epidemiological, and exposure data on antimony trioxide. The subcommittee used that information to characterize the health risk from exposure to antimony trioxide. The subcommittee also identified data gaps and recommended research relevant for determining the health risk from exposure to antimony trioxide.

TABLE 10–1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Antimony Trioxide

Characteristic
Value
Reference

Chemical formula
Sb2O3
Lide 1991–1992

CAS registry #
1309–64–4
Lide 1991–1992

Synonyms
diantimony trioxide, flowers of antimony
Budavari et al. 1989

Molecular weight
291.5 g/mol
Lide 1991–1992

Physical state
Crystal
Budavari et al. 1989

Solubility
Very slightly soluble in cold water; slightly soluble in hot water; soluble in KOH, HCl, tartaric acid, and acetic acid
Lide 1991–1992

Vapor pressure
1×10−10 mm Hg
Calculated from Lide 1991–1992

Melting point
656 °C
Lide 1991–1992

Boiling point
1,550 °C
Lide 1991–1992

Density
5.2 g/cm3 (senarmontite), 5.7 g/cm3 (valentinite)

OCCURRENCE AND USE
Antimony trioxide is formed by reacting antimony trichloride (SbCl3) with water. It is used in combination with some brominated flame retardants, and might also be used in conjunction with zinc borate, both within and outside the United States on commercial furniture, draperies, wall coverings, and carpets (R.C.Kidder, Flame Retardant Chemical Association, unpublished material, April 21, 1998). It is also used in enamels, glasses, rubber, plastics, adhesives, textiles, paper, and as a paint pigment (Budavari et al. 1989).

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
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︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
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[+/-] : What is a Fire Retardant

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People unfamiliar with fire retardants are surprised to hear that wood or fabric can qualify as a non-combustible material to a certain degree. Should a fire strike, the chemicals react with combustible gases and tars normally generated by the material. The tars are converted to carbon char which forms on the surface, slowing the burning rate . The combustible gases are rendered nonflammable for the most part due to dilution with harmless carbon dioxide and water vapor released in the reaction. This happens automatically, driven by the heat of the fire, and requires no coating maintenance, batteries, or plumbing; it is true passive protection.

According to the NFPA's National Fire Safety Survey findings: Although the U.S. has a higher fire death rate than Canada, Western Europe and the Pacific Rim, the majority of Americans are very confident about their fire safety. Older adults express the greatest confidence even though they have the greatest risk of fire death. Men are more confident about fire safety than women; although, of the two groups, men are at a higher risk of fire death. The majority of Americans feel safest from fire in their homes, when in truth, home fires account for roughly 80% of all fires - and they pose the greatest threat to life. The cost of operating public fire prevention services in the U.S. costs the taxpayers billions of dollars per year, most of which is spent on suppression of fire. Many people have the attitude that "fire only happens to other people." But until fire strikes their home and family, fire prevention is ignored. Once fire prevention week comes and goes each October, little thought is given to fire safety and prevention until next year's campaign. Fire suppression is a necessary and vitally important service. It is, however, "after-the-fact". This includes smoke detectors, alarms, sprinklers and extinguishers. The use of fire retardants or firestops are logical "before-the-fact" steps that should be taken. Fire spreads 1100% in the first 4 minutes. Heat rises at 90 feet per second or approximately 60 mph. Approximately 90% of fire fatalities are in the home and 90% of the fatalities occur during the sleeping hours 10pm to 6am. Remember, smoke alarms and sprinklers cannot prevent the fire, but fire retardants in most cases can prevent and/or slow the spread of fire, which can greatly prevent lose of life and property in addition to using smoke alarms or sprinklers. By applying fire retardants to your curtains, furniture, carpeting, etc., is very easy and is an added safety precaution for smokers and small children in the home. Your home and family deserve the best fire protection possible, so why not invest in it.

For more information or to order a fire retardant, please visit National Fireproofing Co. at: www.natfire.com We supply non-toxic, non-staining formulas specifically for fabrics.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬
...
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[+/-] : Price rise for high-volume flame retardant

publish Metal Supplier at 9:57 PM 0 comment

[+/-] : The Second Industry Exhibition for International New Type Flame-retarding Technology and Flame-retarding Material of China 2007

publish Metal Supplier at 9:55 PM 0 comment

Antimony trioxide,Antimony trioxide Masterbatch

Wednesday, May 23, 2007

[+/-] : Bolivia looks to raise taxes on mining companies to 50% of profit

[+/-] : Export to slow down in Shanghai

[+/-] : Asian antimony market quiet

[+/-] : Antimony market in a low profile

[+/-] : Antimony premiums steady despite lull in spot business

[+/-] : Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide

Sunday, May 20, 2007

[+/-] : North America's Leading Antimony Oxide Distributor since 1992

[+/-] : Use of Submicron Inorganic Flame Retardants in Polymeric Systems-antimony trioxide

Wednesday, May 16, 2007

[+/-] : Antimony in Europe; more stable market forecast

[+/-] : Antimony market keeps slack 2007-5-17

[+/-] : Ferrochrome market not strong in China

Sunday, May 13, 2007

[+/-] : Chinese scholars call for Mother's Day with Chinese characteristics

[+/-] : Metal reserves found on "roof of world"

[+/-] : China leads world in nonferrous metals output

[+/-] : China's steel products prices expected to move down in second half

[+/-] : China introduces export licenses for 83 steel products

Wednesday, May 09, 2007

[+/-] : Ingredients for wire and cable

[+/-] : Two ways to improve flame retardance: Alumina trihydrate and Magnesium Hydroxide.

[+/-] : Magnesium hydroxide functions in the same manner as alumina trihydrate

Thursday, May 03, 2007

[+/-] : Antimony Trioxide

[+/-] : What is a Fire Retardant

[+/-] : Price rise for high-volume flame retardant

[+/-] : The Second Industry Exhibition for International New Type Flame-retarding Technology and Flame-retarding Material of China 2007

Examples of Antimony Trioxide Mixture Flame-Retarded Polymers

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