Antimony trioxide,Antimony trioxide Masterbatch

Monday, June 04, 2007

[+/-] : U. S. Antimony announces increased antimony and zeolite production

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[+/-] : China's antimony ingot prices remain steady; Jan-Apr exports down

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[+/-] : Antimony market summary May 28-Jun 1

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[+/-] : European antimony market: summer arriving early

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As antimony market remained dull in Europe, market participants agreed that summer season arrived earlier this year than before.

A UK trader bought two containers standard grade two antimony at the price of USD5,200/t CIF Rotterdam last week, and he told Asian Metal that the deals concluded lately were few and in small volume.

“Market is quiet, consumers are not interested in buying the material now.” Normally, manufacturers take three weeks off in July or August to do the maintenance, and they search for the raw materials in April and place orders in May so they can get the cargo before they leave for summer. “But this year, market remained quiet for very long time.”

A Belgium trader agreed with him, and added: “consumers start to buy the raw material at the last moment now, and more of them start to buy directly from China on long-term supply contracts.” He revealed that there is little material in the Rotterdam warehouse.

According to him, the price of the standard grade two antimony ingot, which is still on water, is offered at USD5,200/t CIF Rotterdam, and for the prompt material in Rotterdam warehouse, consumers need to pay at around USD5,350/t. A higher grade antimony ingot, which contains low bismuth, costs USD50/t higher.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
website:http://www.jiefu.com

blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
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Wednesday, May 23, 2007

[+/-] : Bolivia looks to raise taxes on mining companies to 50% of profit

publish Metal Supplier at 10:54 PM 0 comment

Bolivia plans to hike taxes on mining companies to 50% of profit, from 35% now, as leftist President Evo Morales strives to reap more benefits from the country's mineral wealth, a mining official said.

After taking office as the country's first president of indigenous descent in January 2006, Morales drastically raised taxes on natural gas operations and nationalised reserves of the fuel.

He has repeatedly pledged to carry out similar reforms in the mining sector.

"They (mining companies) are taking 65% of profits ... and the government only collects approximately 35%. We want that percentage to be more equal, so they take 50%, and we take 50%," said the head of the mining ministry commercialisation and investment unit, Freddy Beltran,.
Bolivia hosts some major global mining companies, including US-based Apex Silver Mines and Coeur d'Alene Mines Corp.

Both companies are due to start production at large silver mines over the next year, and are so heavily invested in the country that pulling out because of the tax is not a likely scenario, Beltran said.

The government plans to send a draft law to increase the tax burden on mining companies to Congress soon, the official said.

The reform aims to introduce a new 10% tax on profits and close a legal loophole that grants miners hefty discounts on income tax payments.

It also aims to broaden the scope of the Complementary Mining Tax (CMT) – which acts like a royalty – to include minerals such as bismuth, iron, copper and antimony, which currently do not pay the levy.

The CMT ranges from 1% to 10% of the export value of the mineral.

The tax hike and efforts to revitalise state-run mining company Comibol are at the heart of government plans to tighten the state's grip on Bolivia's vast reserves of tin, zinc, wolfram, lead, silver and gold.

The bill to reform the tax code is likely to move quickly through parliament, where the official party has a clear majority, but its implementation could be held back by the opposition-controlled Senate.

"Their idea is not to ratify anything proposed by the official party ... so we're going to face a tough battle there (in the Senate)," Beltran said.

Earlier this year, opposition senators were able to delay for several weeks the implementation of contracts by which energy companies agreed to continue operating in the country under the rules outlined by Morales' energy nationalisation plan.

The contracts give the government an average of 82% of revenues generated from Bolivia's natural gas reserves, the second-largest in South America after Venezuela's.

The government has already pocketed hundreds of millions of dollars thanks to Morales' energy shake-up, but analysts argue his efforts to stamp out poverty with the extra cash are hampered by corruption, inefficiency and a lack of direction.

In January, the government said it was considering raising mining taxes sixfold but had to back down after thousands of independent miners staged a massive protest in the country's administrative capital, La Paz.

With an investment of some $600m, Apex's San Cristobal project is set to become the world's third-biggest silver mine once it starts operations later this year.

Meanwhile, Coeur d'Alene is investing some $175m in its San Bartolome silver project, which is scheduled to come on stream in January 2008.

Several Canadian companies have assets in Bolivia, including Eaglecrest Explorations, Apogee Minerals and Orvana Minerals Corp.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Export to slow down in Shanghai

publish Metal Supplier at 10:52 PM 0 comment

The export of general carbon products slows down at present due to the issuance of export tax policy on 21 May. According to the new policy which will take effect on 1 June, there will be 5-10% tax imposed on the carbon products, including wire rod, flat rolled and sections.

Zhonglian International, a local trader for carbon products, with a export volume of more than 30,000tpm, reported that the cost increased by USD30/t for flat rolled and USD50/t for wire rod and sections. According to the sales executive from the company, the price of SS400/Q235 5.5mm*1500mm*C FOB Shanghai is USD580-590/t without the tax of 5%.

“The pace of export will definitely slow down,” the source said, “because our customers in target markets can not accept the high price.” She said the company mainly exports the products to Middle East, North America and Africa, and the price adding the tax is no more competitive. For example, in North America the price of carbon plate is at the same level as that of other foreign mills at present, while the quantity is not so approbatory as the latter’s. “So I think the export will be slower until the international price moves up,” she said.

Another Shanghai-based exporter for flat rolled, SK Networks, expressed the similar point of view. “The cost will increase by USD28-32/t for carbon plate to USD609-619/t,” the sales official from the company said, “so our customers do not place large orders at present.” He reported the importers in oversea market are watching the market trend and they just inquire the price list presently.

With an export volume of 10,000tpm, the source said the pace will be dragged down but the quantity will not decrease much in the following months. “The price still has room for increase seeing the price in oversea market is moving up step by step.” he said.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Asian antimony market quiet

publish Metal Supplier at 10:50 PM 0 comment

Asian antimony market keeps quiet, with few deals concluded. Weak demand is still the main factor hindering the market from moving up, market sources said.

A Japanese antimony trioxide producer reported that some Chinese suppliers offered USD5,350/t CIF Japan for antimony ingot, USD150/t lower than the previous offer. “Due to the continuing sluggish market, suppliers want to release stocks. I think that’s the reason that suppliers reduce offers,” said the source.

However, the company, which makes purchases through long-term contracts, has no plan to make up stocks at the moment.
A trader from Hong Kong revealed that Asian market for antimony products has not seen any improvement yet. “We did not conclude any deals of antimony ingot over month, but only sold small quantities of antimony trioxide to consumers in North America,” said the source, adding that buyers from Japan, Korea, India and other Asian countries have little intention of entering into the market.

According to the source, standard antimony ingot is being offered at USD5,300-5,350/t FOB CMP and around USD4,500-4,550/t FOB for antimony trioxide. However, the source stressed that antimony trioxide with famous brand is quoted USD50-100/t higher.

“As buyers have been out of the market for a long time, I think they will soon start to recoup stocks. Therefore, I hold that the market has little room to dip further,” the source added.

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Antimony market in a low profile

publish Metal Supplier at 10:48 PM 0 comment

[+/-] : Antimony premiums steady despite lull in spot business

publish Metal Supplier at 10:44 PM 0 comment

BEIJING (Asian Metal) 24 May 07 – European antimony market continues to be steady one more day as dealers and consumers wait for any real decrease in Chinese export price.

"Things remain quiet this week. Chinese say they are decreasing price but most consumers do not believe it, so they are waiting to see what happens," one British dealer said.

At close, European participants quoted antimony 99.65%min at around USD5,400-5,500/mt CIF Rotterdam and for antimony trioxide at USD4,600-4,700/mt CIF Rotterdam.

Industry observed agreed that everyone remained in a guarded mood, concerned about the stock market. “The situation is very negative for the market. Business is all hand-to-mouth for urgent needs as more and more consumers are using substitutes."

As for the future market, any participant consulted forecast any change in the situation. “Antimony ingot price has remained largely stable despite pressure from consumer for lower tags. Material quota has almost doubled in the last six months. This price makes very difficult any trade.”

At close, European participants quoted antimony 99.65%min at around USD5,400-5,500/mt CIF Rotterdam and for antimony trioxide at USD4,600-4,700/mt CIF Rotterdam.

Industry observed agreed that everyone remained in a guarded mood, concerned about the stock market. “The situation is very negative for the market. Business is all hand-to-mouth for urgent needs as more and more consumers are using substitutes."

As for the future market, any participant consulted forecast any change in the situation. “Antimony ingot price has remained largely stable despite pressure from consumer for lower tags. Material quota has almost doubled in the last six months. This price makes very difficult any trade.”

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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[+/-] : Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide

publish Metal Supplier at 9:43 PM 0 comment

In flame retarding thermoplastics, the synergistic action between halogenated flame retardants and antimony trioxide is well known in the plastic industry (1). For the terpolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), formulating an efficient flame retardant (FR) system constantly challenges the end user. The Izod impact strength and translucency are two key properties that are diminished because of the particle size and pigmentation strength of antimony trioxide. The loss in translucency limits the range of available color choices because of the high loading required to offset the tinting effect of antimony trioxide.

This paper will demonstrate the benefits of flame retarding ABS with the synergist BurnEx™ ADP494 Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide. Most notably, higher Izod impact strength and a minimal loss of translucency can be achieved. These advantages are a result of the differences in physical properties between antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5) and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3).

In addition, during processing BurnEx ADP494 disperses in the ABS matrix to a 0.03 micron particle size, which not only reduces any tinting effects, but is less detrimental to the Izod impact strength as well. Production of FR-ABS with BurnEx ADP494 Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide achieves higher impact strength and the ability to use most color concentrates at a low loading, resulting in lower cost formulations for the end user.

INTRODUCTION

As the information revolution evolves, personal computers and telecommunication equipment are expanding from the office to the home and becoming part of our everyday life. In some cases, these devices require flame retardancy, which typically diminishes the polymer's physical properties(2). The end user is constantly challenged to balance performance and cost-effectiveness when formulating an efficient flame retardant package.

In flame retardant formulations, the use of metal oxides as synergists in organohalogen systems is well known throughout the industry. The three most important metal oxides are antimony trioxide (ATO), antimony pentoxide (APO) and sodium antimonate(1). Nyacol manufactures and distributes antimony pentoxide as either colloidal sols or as a spray-dried powder. The typical physical properties of antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide are summarized in Table 1(3). Antimony pentoxide offers unique performance advantages because of its lower refractive index and submicron particle size. This paper will show that by using BurnEx colloidal antimony pentoxide in flame retarding ABS, the non-pigmenting submicron particles are less detrimental on the polymers physical properties and preserves the translucency of the base ABS.

Table 1 – Typical Properties of Antimony Pentoxide & Antimony Trioxide

Property

Antimony Pentoxide

Antimony Trioxide

Chemical Formula

Sb2O5

Sb2O3

Molecular Weight

323.5

291.5

Refractive Index

1.7

2.1

Particle Size

0.03 microns

0.25-3.0 Micron

Specific Gravity

3.8

5.3

Acidity

Weakly acidic

Usually neutral

Solubility

Concentrated hot acids

Dilute acids & bases

Color

Off white

White

Form

Colloid or powder

Powder

Surface Area m2/gm

50

0.4-2.3

EXPERIMENTAL RAW MATERIALS

The ABS resin used was a general purpose high-gloss grade from Dow Chemical. The melt flow rate (MFR) was 6.0 g/10 min (3.8 kg, 230° C) and the Izod impact strength was 5.5 ft-lb/in.

The halogens that were evaluated are commonly used to flame retard ABS. The three brominated compounds were: tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBAA), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBPE) and octabromodiphenyl oxide (OBDPO).

The antimony pentoxide was BurnEx ADP494 formulated at mole ratios of 3:1 and 4:1, bromine to antimony metal respectively, for each system.

Antimony trioxide was formulated with each halogen for comparison purposes at either a 3:1 or 4:1 mole ratio.

Table 2 is a list of all the raw materials used in this evaluation.

Table 2 – Raw Materials

Compound

Type

% Br

MP ° C

Manufacturer

ABS

Dow

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA)

Soluble

58.8

179-181

Albemarle

Bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBPE)

Soluble

70.0

223-228

Great Lakes

Octabromodiphenyoxide (OBDPO)

Soluble

79.8

70-140

Great Lakes

Antimony Pentoxide - BurnEx ADP494

Nyacol

Antimony Trioxide

Campine

Reed OmniColor Color Concentrates

Reed Spectrum

Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)

36% Cl

Dow/Dupont

PROCESSING

The synergist, either APO or ATO, was blended with the halogen in a V-blender prior to compounding. All the formulations were processed on a ZSE-27 mm Leistritz intermeshing twin-screw extruder with a length to diameter ratio of 36 to 1. The gear box was set-up for counter-rotation and the screw configuration was a "general mixing" design used to compound fillers. The ABS resin and the flame retardants were fed into the feed throat of the extruder and one barrel section was vented for devolatization of the melt stream. The extrudate strands were cooled in a water trough and chopped into pellets. Process conditions were kept the same for all formulations.

After extrusion, the pelletized samples were injection molded on a 33-Ton Cincinnati-Milacron injection molding machine using a standard ASTM test specimen mold cavity. Zone temperatures, injection pressures and mold temperature were kept the same for all samples. All the specimens were conditioned and tested according to ASTM test protocols. Table 3 is a summation of the process conditions.

Table 3 – Process Conditions

Extrusion Conditions

Melt Temperature

225-250° C

Screw Configuration

Counter-rotation

RPM

100

Molding Conditions

Mold Temperature

130° F

Melt Temperature

420° F

Total Cycle Time (sec)

30

Back Pressure (psi)

50

TESTING

All the materials were tested according to ASTM standards for plastics. Tensile properties were determined using ASTM D638. Izod impact testing and instrumented impact testing were carried out according to ASTM D256 and D3763. Melt flow rate was performed according to ASTM D1238 and the heat deflection temperature used ASTM D648.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fr-Abs Tbba Blends

The melt-blendable flame retardant TBBA is widely used for formulations requiring good processability and cost-effectiveness. This halogen provides excellent flow characteristics but sacrifices Izod impact strength. Summarized in Table 4 are the results of the physical properties for all the formulations based on TBBA. Formulation #1 is the base ABS and formulation #2 contains only the halogen TBBA.

From this data, the Izod impact strength for the formulations using antimony pentoxide were higher than the Izod values for antimony trioxide, 2.0 to 2.2 ft-lb/in versus 1.0 to 1.5 ft-lb/in respectively. This compares to the Izod impact strength of 5.5 ft-lb/in for the neat ABS and 1.7 ft-lb/in for formulation #2, which contained only the halogen TBBA.

Data for instrumented impact testing was also generated for formulations #8 and #4. Testing was conducted on a GRC Dynatup Instrumented Impact Tester. Formulation #8 based on antimony pentoxide had an Average Total Energy of 3.33 joules as compared to 1.20 joules for formulation #4 based on antimony trioxide. These results show that the resistance to break was more than double for the FR-ABS formulated with antimony pentoxide as compared to antimony trioxide.

The tensile strength was slightly higher for the APO blends and flammability was the same for all samples, a UL-O4 V-2 rating. The burning drip was not unexpected because the melt-blendable TBBA is known to cause a reduction in viscosity.

The appearance of the TBBA/APO samples was translucent as compared to the opaque TBBA/ATO compounds.

Table 4 – TBBA Formulations

Formulation wt.%

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

ABS

100

77.0

77.5

79.5

75.9

77.9

77.0

75.6

TBBA

23.0

17.6

16.0

17.1

14.9

15.5

16.4

BurnEx ADP494

7.0

7.2

7.5

8.0

ATO

4.9

4.5

MR (Br/Sb)

4

4

4

3

3

3

% Br

13.5

10.4

9.4

10.0

8.7

9.1

9.6

% Sb

4.1

3.7

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.5

Physical Properties

MFR (g/10 min)
3.8 kg 230° C

5.8

10.5

11.6

15.8

16.0

18.2

17.5

HDT @ 264 psi, ° C

72.8

67.8

Instrumented Impact (joules)

1.20

Best regards,
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Sam Xu 许彪
Sales Engineer 　
Tel: 86-755-83474911
Fax: 86-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059

E-mail: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com
Add: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com

Export: antimony ingots,ATO,dust free ATO,ATO masterbatches EVA80.EAV90;PE80,PE90,PVC85,PP80,ETC, other flame retardant masterbatches,
¤ ╭⌒╮ ╭⌒⌒╮
╱-◥██◣ ╭ ╭ 工作顺利！天天开心！ @-@
︱田︱田田| ╰----------------------
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬

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