Wednesday, February 28, 2007
[+/-] : Higher costs dent Straits profit
West Perth-based miner Straits Resources Ltd has reported a $39.6 million net profit, down 21 per cent from the record levels achieved in 2005, with earnings impacted by higher operating costs at the company's copper and gold operations.
倒霉熊backkom爬冰山,完整版
The full text of a company announcement is pasted below:
In the Company's Preliminary Final annual report, Straits Resources Ltd reported a net profit after tax of $39.6 million for the year to 31 December 2006 (2005 A$50 million). Gross profit for 2006 is $107.3 million, up 15 percent on the $92.9 million earned in 2005.
Sales revenue from mining activities was a record $452.2 million, up 86 percent on the 2005 result ($243.3 million), on the back of strong commodity prices and full-year contributions from the company's coal, copper and gold operations. The metals distribution business contributed a further $504.8 million for the two months since acquisition.
Straits Chief Executive Officer, Mr Milan Jerkovic, said, "The financial result is representative of a strong performance by the coal operation, steady performance by the copper mines and weak performance by the gold mine, in hand with higher operating costs at most operations.
"Whilst we are disappointed at not surpassing last year's record financial result, we have resolved several issues impacting our performance, and are well positioned to achieve significant earnings growth going forward.
"Of note, several significant events occurred in the past year, including the full takeover of copper producer Tritton Resources Limited, the successful spin-off listing of Straits Asia Resources Limited in Singapore, and the acquisition of international metals distribution business, Varomet. The year was capped off by Straits being admitted within the S&P ASX 200 index in December."
An unfranked final dividend of 5 cents per share has been declared, taking total dividends for the year to 10 cents per share, an increase of 43 percent on the total dividends of 7 cents per share declared in 2005.
Whilst strong revenues were generated throughout the year, net earnings were adversely impacted by higher operating costs at the company's copper and gold operations.
The Tritton copper mine remained under significant pressure during the year with substantially all production hedged at prices well beneath current market prices with a hedge price of around US$1.00/lb. This pressure was exacerbated by Tritton's previous offtake agreement with Sempra Metals which provides that the higher the market price of copper the higher the treatment and refining charges paid by Tritton.
Tritton's position will be alleviated moving forward, with the hedge book substantially reduced from June 2007 and the revised offtake agreement with Sempra Metals establishing a framework for Tritton to increase copper production and sell this material into prevailing market treatment and refining charges.
Sebuku coal operations going from strength to strength
The Sebuku coal mine in Indonesia achieved record annual production of 3.5 Mt in 2006. An ongoing exploration program has also proved successful, with the total coal resource trebled to 103 Mt over the course of 2006. Following the increased coal resource, Straits has commenced engineering and feasibility work aimed at increasing the production capacity at Sebuku to 6 Mtpa.
"Given the global supply shortages of thermal coal at this time, and low operating costs at Sebuku, we anticipate the mine to generate very strong cashflows in 2007," Mr Jerkovic added.
Copper and gold production to increase in 2007
Production at the Whim Creek mine in WA was 14,800 tonnes of copper cathode for the year, up 69 percent from 8,746 tonnes in 2005. Second half production was impacted by metallurgical issues at the electrowinning plant, which have now been resolved.
Profitability is expected to improve in 2007 as production further increases and more favourable hedging contracts kick in.
At the Tritton operations in NSW, production of 23,088 tonnes of copper in concentrate was achieved for the year, up 20 percent from the 2005 result, and at average cash costs of US$0.86/lb.
Straits recently reached an agreement with Sempra Metals for a revised offtake agreement at Tritton. The revised agreement provides increased exposure to current high copper prices, and paves the way for an expansion at Tritton of up to 45,000 tpa.
Production at the Mt Muro gold mine in Indonesia exceeded 50,000 gold equivalent ounces in 2006 (2005, 13,000 Au equivalent oz) at an average cost of $596 per ounce gold equivalent. Production is expected to increase in 2007, with a significant reduction in operating costs.
Positive outlook in 2007
"Straits will continue to benefit from the strong commodity markets in 2007 and beyond. We expect increased production at each of our operating mines and a greater contribution from the metals distribution business all of which will drive future earnings growth. In addition, Straits will soon incorporate production from our fifth mine, the Hillgrove antimony, gold and tungsten mine in NSW.
"With a number of active development projects in the wings including the sulphide expansion at Whim Creek (including Salt Creek) and Yannarie Solar as well as an extensive portfolio of attractive exploration targets, Straits has a secure platform from which to ensure long-term growth," Mr Jerkovic added.
...
read more
消息來源
[+/-] : JIEFU antimony trioxide:because of something you can understand without my explaination
1 因为爱你 所以爱你
because i love you,so i love you
2 因为你爱我 所以我爱你
because you love me,so i love you 3 因为世界上没有人比我更爱你
because no one in the world love you more than me 4 因为无时无刻想著你
because i miss you every moment 5 因为你的温柔体贴
because of your gentleness and considerate 6 因为你的坦白率真
because of your frankness 7 因为你那可爱的笑容
because of your lovely smile 8 因为你那迷人的眼睛
because of your charming eyes 9 因为你的一举一动都让我著迷
because your every action make me fascinated 10 因为你所散发出来的高贵气质
because of your noble disposition 11 因为抱著你的感觉是这么温暖
because of the warmth when i hold you in my arms 12 因为一个人寂寞的时候只有你陪著我
because only you accompany me when i am lonely 13 因为爱你让我充满自信
because loving you makes me confident 14 因为你的任性
because of your wilfulness 15 因为照顾你是我的责任
because it is my responsibility to look after you 16 因为有些是不必说出来你就能明白
because of something you can understand without my explaination
17 因为只有你最了解我的个性
because only you know of my personality best 18 因为只有你能包容我的一切
because only you can tolerate everything of mine 19 因为没有你我就不知该如何活下去
because i dont know how to continue my life without you 20 因为有你我的生活充满快乐
because of you , my life is full of happines 21 因为有你情人节才有花可送
because of having you ,i can send flowers on valentine 22 因为所有的花都不及你漂亮
because no flower is more beautiful than you
23 因为我眼中只有你一个
because i only have you in my heart 24 因为即使海枯石烂我只爱你一个
the seas may run dry and the rocks crumble,you are the only person i love 25 因为喜欢过马路时牵著你的感觉
because i love the feeling of holding your hands,when we cross the road 26 因为感谢上天赐予我一个独一无二的你
because thank the god to bestow unique person-you 27 因为有你我就满足了
because i am satified with you 28 因为只有你陪我渡过不如意的时候
because only you accompany me to pass unhappy days 29 因为时间一分一秒过去爱你的感觉却与日剧增
because although time passes by minute and second, the sentiments of loving you grow with each passing days 30 因为我们俩最谈的来
because we two get along well with each other 31 因为你让我有保护你的念头
because you make me have the thought of protecting you 32 因为初见你的感觉是前所未有的
because the feeling of seeing you for the first time never existed before 33 因为你是我的梦中情人
because you are the lover in my dream
34 因为一见锺情在我的内心燃烧著
because the feeling of falling in love at the first sight burns in my heart 35 因为我是你倾吐心事的对象
because you are the only person who listens to my mind 36 因为你让我非常放心
because you set my mind at ease 37 因为有你让我对明天充满期待
because i am full of expection for tomorrow with you 38 因为我已不再对任何人动心
because you make me never open my heart to others 39 因为爱你是最温柔的不自由
i love you because to me you are a gentle but 'no ;freedom' 40 因为我俩一起看天看海看日落日出
because we enjoy the sky, the sea and the sunrise, the sunset together 41 因为沙滩印著我俩的足迹
because there are our footprints in the sand beach 42 因为只有你肯陪我看恐怖片
because only you like to accompany me to wathch horrible movies 43 因为你曾为感人剧情而哭的淅沥哗啦的
because you were ever moved to tears by the play 44 因为我们侧夜长谈分享彼此
because we talk all night and enjoy each other 45 因为我们是天生一对
because we were born of a couple 46 因为爱过你就好
because it is fine of experiencing love you 47 因为只愿等你一个人
because i only want to wait for you 48 因为有你我看到美好的未来
because you make me see the beautiful future 49 因为有你我看到了其他人羡慕的眼光
because of having you ,i see the envious sights of others 50 因为你让我体验了爱情的伟大
because i experience the great love with you...
read more
because i love you,so i love you
2 因为你爱我 所以我爱你
because you love me,so i love you 3 因为世界上没有人比我更爱你
because no one in the world love you more than me 4 因为无时无刻想著你
because i miss you every moment 5 因为你的温柔体贴
because of your gentleness and considerate 6 因为你的坦白率真
because of your frankness 7 因为你那可爱的笑容
because of your lovely smile 8 因为你那迷人的眼睛
because of your charming eyes 9 因为你的一举一动都让我著迷
because your every action make me fascinated 10 因为你所散发出来的高贵气质
because of your noble disposition 11 因为抱著你的感觉是这么温暖
because of the warmth when i hold you in my arms 12 因为一个人寂寞的时候只有你陪著我
because only you accompany me when i am lonely 13 因为爱你让我充满自信
because loving you makes me confident 14 因为你的任性
because of your wilfulness 15 因为照顾你是我的责任
because it is my responsibility to look after you 16 因为有些是不必说出来你就能明白
because of something you can understand without my explaination
17 因为只有你最了解我的个性
because only you know of my personality best 18 因为只有你能包容我的一切
because only you can tolerate everything of mine 19 因为没有你我就不知该如何活下去
because i dont know how to continue my life without you 20 因为有你我的生活充满快乐
because of you , my life is full of happines 21 因为有你情人节才有花可送
because of having you ,i can send flowers on valentine 22 因为所有的花都不及你漂亮
because no flower is more beautiful than you
23 因为我眼中只有你一个
because i only have you in my heart 24 因为即使海枯石烂我只爱你一个
the seas may run dry and the rocks crumble,you are the only person i love 25 因为喜欢过马路时牵著你的感觉
because i love the feeling of holding your hands,when we cross the road 26 因为感谢上天赐予我一个独一无二的你
because thank the god to bestow unique person-you 27 因为有你我就满足了
because i am satified with you 28 因为只有你陪我渡过不如意的时候
because only you accompany me to pass unhappy days 29 因为时间一分一秒过去爱你的感觉却与日剧增
because although time passes by minute and second, the sentiments of loving you grow with each passing days 30 因为我们俩最谈的来
because we two get along well with each other 31 因为你让我有保护你的念头
because you make me have the thought of protecting you 32 因为初见你的感觉是前所未有的
because the feeling of seeing you for the first time never existed before 33 因为你是我的梦中情人
because you are the lover in my dream
34 因为一见锺情在我的内心燃烧著
because the feeling of falling in love at the first sight burns in my heart 35 因为我是你倾吐心事的对象
because you are the only person who listens to my mind 36 因为你让我非常放心
because you set my mind at ease 37 因为有你让我对明天充满期待
because i am full of expection for tomorrow with you 38 因为我已不再对任何人动心
because you make me never open my heart to others 39 因为爱你是最温柔的不自由
i love you because to me you are a gentle but 'no ;freedom' 40 因为我俩一起看天看海看日落日出
because we enjoy the sky, the sea and the sunrise, the sunset together 41 因为沙滩印著我俩的足迹
because there are our footprints in the sand beach 42 因为只有你肯陪我看恐怖片
because only you like to accompany me to wathch horrible movies 43 因为你曾为感人剧情而哭的淅沥哗啦的
because you were ever moved to tears by the play 44 因为我们侧夜长谈分享彼此
because we talk all night and enjoy each other 45 因为我们是天生一对
because we were born of a couple 46 因为爱过你就好
because it is fine of experiencing love you 47 因为只愿等你一个人
because i only want to wait for you 48 因为有你我看到美好的未来
because you make me see the beautiful future 49 因为有你我看到了其他人羡慕的眼光
because of having you ,i see the envious sights of others 50 因为你让我体验了爱情的伟大
because i experience the great love with you...
read more
[+/-] : JIEFU antimony trioxide specification
Usages: Used as flame retardant additives for polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, ABS, rubber, paint, coating, synthetic resin, and paper. Used as activator in polyester fiber to remove the hidden air in molten glass. Used as covering agent and whitening agent in enameled and ceramic products. Used as deactivators in the catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming processes of heavy oil and residual oil of petroleum.
Physical & Chemical Properties:
Appearance: White powder. Chemical formula:Sb2O3. Molecular weight:291.5. Melting point: 656°c. Boiling point:1425°c Specific gravity: 5.2
Solubility: soluble in HCL and tartaric acid; insoluble in water and acetic acid.
...
read more
消息來源
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
[+/-] : China's rare earth prices go up as the nation takes protective steps
China's rare earth prices rose dramatically in recent months as the nation has taken steps to limit the production and export of the valuable resource, according to a Chinese official.
Starting in second half of 2005, China's rare earth prices began to rise and since some rare earth product prices have doubled in 2006. The age when China's rare earth produces were sold at 'dirt cheap' prices has come to an end.
"The rare earth prices went up dramatically in recent months," said Li Zheng Hong, chairman of Baotou Rare Earth High-tech Administration Commission. "There are a couple of factors behind this price rise."
First, China began to take measures to limit the production and export of rare earth resources in an apparent effort to protect rare earth resources. Jiangxi Province, which has the world largest rare earth deposits, was particularly active in abiding this policy. The province has substantially reduced the rare earth production this year, Li said.
Secondly, China started to reduce export quotas and export tax rebates on rare earth products since last year. China obviously has realized that rare earth products sold a dirt price to foreign country was a foolish business.
In addition, the appreciation of Chinese currency, the rising costs of rare earth production also contributed to the rise of rare prices. On the other hand, China's domestic consumption of rare earth is increasing at a rate of 10% each year, especially the rapid development of rare earth permanent magnets products.
"This is really good for us," said the rare earth official, who has been working in the rare earth industry for decades. "The good rare earth prices help our rare earth businesses make more money, and which can be used in technological development and advancement."
According to Li, who was involved in China.s rare earth policy-making process, China has now changed its rare earth policy. The country longer encourages the exportation of rare earth as raw materials. Instead, China hopes to export high value-added, more advanced rare earth production. The country also hopes to cut down its rare earth export as part of its efforts to protect these resources.
As the world largest rare earth producer, China produced 90% of the whole world's total rare earth output.
...
read more
消息來源
Starting in second half of 2005, China's rare earth prices began to rise and since some rare earth product prices have doubled in 2006. The age when China's rare earth produces were sold at 'dirt cheap' prices has come to an end.
"The rare earth prices went up dramatically in recent months," said Li Zheng Hong, chairman of Baotou Rare Earth High-tech Administration Commission. "There are a couple of factors behind this price rise."
First, China began to take measures to limit the production and export of rare earth resources in an apparent effort to protect rare earth resources. Jiangxi Province, which has the world largest rare earth deposits, was particularly active in abiding this policy. The province has substantially reduced the rare earth production this year, Li said.
Secondly, China started to reduce export quotas and export tax rebates on rare earth products since last year. China obviously has realized that rare earth products sold a dirt price to foreign country was a foolish business.
In addition, the appreciation of Chinese currency, the rising costs of rare earth production also contributed to the rise of rare prices. On the other hand, China's domestic consumption of rare earth is increasing at a rate of 10% each year, especially the rapid development of rare earth permanent magnets products.
"This is really good for us," said the rare earth official, who has been working in the rare earth industry for decades. "The good rare earth prices help our rare earth businesses make more money, and which can be used in technological development and advancement."
According to Li, who was involved in China.s rare earth policy-making process, China has now changed its rare earth policy. The country longer encourages the exportation of rare earth as raw materials. Instead, China hopes to export high value-added, more advanced rare earth production. The country also hopes to cut down its rare earth export as part of its efforts to protect these resources.
As the world largest rare earth producer, China produced 90% of the whole world's total rare earth output.
...
read more
消息來源
[+/-] : Jiangxi Province to fight illegal tungsten mining
A Chinese city, which sits on top of the worlds biggest tungsten reserves, issued new rules to crack down on illegal mining, the local government announced Thursday.
Ganzhou in southern Jiangxi Province has rich resources of rare earth, uranium, niobium and tantalum in addition to its tungsten.
The local government requested that tungsten concentrate production be kept below 22,920 tons next year, 70 percent of current production in the province, and rare earth oxide production to be no higher than 7,000 tons, 100 percent of the total in Jiangxi at the moment.
Mining companies whose tungsten concentrate production was not higher than required levels this year can apply for new operating licenses for 2007.
The government said it will strengthen its efforts to clamp down on illegal mining and asked each local tungsten mining company to submit production schedules and financial reports with their new license applications.
Ganzhou's tungsten mining sector was in disorder a few years ago and there are few downstream tungsten product processors. Ganzhou started tungsten mining restrictions last year.
Local government plans to build a tungsten and nonferrous metals production base with projected sales of RMB 6 billion ($739.83 million) in the next four years.
...
read more
消息來源
[+/-] : Base metals dip after strong gains; Chinese stock mkt dive weighs
02/27/07 02:08 pm (GMT) – Base metals prices were lower as the market consolidated following recent strong gains and as the shock slide in the Chinese stock market sparked worries over near-term demand growth.
The Shanghai Composite dropped 9 pct overnight, its steepest fall in a decade, on fears parliament will hike rates next week in an effort to cool the booming economy.
"This morning's weakness in metals has been triggered by the steep slide in the Chinese stock market," said Man Financial analyst Ed Meir, adding he expects the weakness to persist throughout the day.
At 1.43 pm, LME copper for three month delivery was down at 6,210 usd a tonne against 6,290 usd at the close yesterday.
"Prices seem to be retracing following the market's inability to push through 6,400 usd resistance last week," said Meir.
He also noted the overnight fall in Chinese equities had knocked down not only copper prices but had also hit top mining equities traded on the London stock market.
Meanwhile, daily LME inventory data showing a hefty 2,400 tonne fall in copper stocks is doing little to stem the selling, he noted.
By contrast, today's hefty 12,475 tonne increase in LME aluminium stocks has put aluminium prices under pressure today.
LME inventories have risen for seven consecutive days, and overall stock levels have climbed nearly 20 pct higher since November last year.
"It is clear the physical market is running in a fairly significant surplus at present. It is only the strong interest from investors that is keeping aluminium near its 12 month highs," said Sempra Metals analyst John Kemp.
He added the aluminium market is heading for trouble.
"Prices are rising even as stocks held on the (LME) exchange, in private storage, and by producers are steadily increasing. Investors' resolve will be severely tested unless the physical market turns round soon," he said.
Aluminium was down at 2,855 usd a tonne against 2,895 usd at the close yesterday.
Tin bucked the trend to edge higher on news that the Indonesian government has rejected seven applications for export licenses by privately owned smelters.
The metal has surged to fresh highs in recent weeks on worries the Indonesian authorities' clamp down on illegal tin mining will lead to more supply disruptions from the world's biggest tin exporter.
Tin was up at 13,600 usd a tonne against 13,475 usd at the close yesterday.
Nickel was down at 41,245 usd a tonne against 41,300 usd, as the market retreated after climbing to a fresh all time high of 41,500 usd a tonne yesterday.
Lead was down at 1,900 usd a tonne against 1,940 usd after hitting a fresh contract high of 1,955 usd a tonne yesterday against a backdrop of low stocks and production problems in Australia.
Zinc was down at 3,520 usd a tonne against 3,600 usd.
...
read more
消息來源
[+/-] : China's exports of resource intensive products down in 2006
Chinese exports of energy, resource, and pollution intensive products fell sharply last year, according a report released by the Ministry of Commerce yesterday. In 2006, exports of crude oil fell 21.4 percent, finished oil products dropped 11.5 percent and coal slid 11.7 percent.
Aluminium ingot exports dipped 8.1 percent compared to the previous year.
In the first 11 months of last year, exports of tungsten, antimony and tin dropped 10.4 percent compared to the corresponding period a year earlier, according to the MOFCOM report.
In contrast, China's export of machinery and electronic products increased by 28.8 percent and high-tech product exports rose 29.0 percent from the previous year. Machinery and electronic products make up 56.7 percent of China's total exports while high-tech products make up 29 percent, the report said.
There is some overlap between the high-tech products and machinery and electronic product categories, so some products may be counted in both categories, a MOFCOM official told Interfax.
...
read more
消息來源
Monday, February 19, 2007
[+/-] : Antimony Summary
Antimony
Antimony is the fourth element in Group 15 of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 51, its atomic mass is 121.75, and its chemical symbol is Sb.
Properties
Antimony is a metalloid. It exists in three allotropic forms: a silvery white metal; a yellow, crystalline solid; and an amorphous black powder. Its melting point is 1,166°F (630°C) and its boiling point is 2,975°F (1,635°C). Its most common allotropic form, the silver- white metal, is a relatively soft material that can be scratched by glass. Its density is 6.68 grams per cubic centimeter.
Occurrence and Extraction
Antimony is rarely found in nature as an element. Its most common ore is the mineral stibnite, a form of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3). Pure antimony can be obtained from antimony sulfide by heating the compound with hot iron: 2Fe + Sb2S3 Fe2S3 + 2Sb.
The usual source of most antimony produced today is the recycling of metal alloys. About half of the antimony produced in the United States is recycled from old lead storage batteries, in which the antimony was originally alloyed with lead.
Discovery and Naming
Compounds of antimony have been known and used by humans for centuries. Probably the first person to describe the element in detail was the French chemist Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715). The origin of the element's name is uncertain, but probably comes from two Arabic words anti and monos that mean "not alone." The name was chosen because antimony does not occur alone in nature, only in compounds.
Uses
Antimony is usually used in the form of an alloy. Lead- antimony alloys were once very widely used for solder, ammunition, fishing tackle, covering for electrical cables, low- melting alloys, and batteries. Such uses are now decreasing because of the serious health problems posed by lead. Antimony and its compounds are also used in transistors, the manufacture of ceramics and glass, and the production of plastic.
World of Scientific Discovery© on Antimony
Antimony
Antimony is a metal element with the atomic number of 51. Its chemical symbol, Sb, is taken from the Latin name for the element, stibnium, or stibium. The name is meant to suggest "a metal that does not occur by itself."
Antimony has a bluish-white metallic luster and an atomic weight of 121.757. It is very brittle and has a flaky texture. Its melting point is 1,167°F (630.6°C) and its boiling point, 2,888.6°F (1,587°C). Chemically, antimony is a metalloid, or semi-metal. That is, it may behave either as a metal or as a non- metal, depending on the chemical environment in which it exists.
Compounds of antimony have been used by humans throughout history. The Bible describes--and condemns--the use by some women of a " stibic stone" to paint their faces. The stibic stone was probably made of antimony (III) sulfide, Sb2S3, a naturally occurring black mineral. Women in many cultures used the material as an eye-liner to make their eyes appear larger and more striking.
Antimony was also used in coloring glass and making vases in the pre-Christian era. Craftspeople knew nothing about antimony as an individual element and classified it, along with most metals, as "lead."
Alchemists of the Middle Ages frequently wrote about a substance they called "antimony." The substance was, in fact, probably some form of antimony (III) sulfide. Until 1771, there was a good deal of confusion as to exactly what the name antimony referred to--the element, one of its compounds, or both. In that year, Jean-Baptiste Buquet suggested that the name be reserved for the metal.
The free element is obtained from the naturally occurring sulfide by roasting (to produce the oxide) and then reduction with scrap iron or carbon. Today, about half of the antimony in the United States is obtained by recycling the metal from lead storage batteries.
Scientists have known for more than 200 years that antimony can strengthen or change the physical properties of metals with which it is alloyed. An early eighteenth-century writer, Geoffrey the Elder, described the use of antimony in making bells, tools, and type for printing presses. Even today, about half of all the antimony produced is used in alloys for uses such as these.
For example, antimony is added to the lead used in lead storage batteries to make the lead harder and stronger. Alloys containing up to 20 percent antimony are also used in making type metal, bullets, and cable sheathing. Small but increasingly important quantities of antimony are used as impurities in the manufacture of semiconductors, especially those used in infrared detectors.
The rest of the antimony produced today is used to make compounds such as the oxides and sulfides, Sb2O3 and Sb 2S3, sodium antimonate, NaSbO3, and antimony (III) chloride, SbCl3. These compounds, in turn are used in the manufacture of paints, matches, ceramics, fireworks, percussion caps, and pharmaceuticals. They are also used in the dyeing of cloth and in the fire-proofing of materials. Although one compound, tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate) has long been used as a medicine, most compounds of antimony are toxic.
Chemical Elements© on Antimony
Antimony
Symbol
Sb
Atomic Number
51
Atomic Mass
121.75
Family
Group 15 (VA) Nitrogen
Pronunciation
AN-ti-moh-nee
Overview
Antimony compounds have been used by humans for centuries. Women of ancient Egypt used stibic stone, antimony sulfide, (Sb2S3), to darken their eyes. Antimony was also used in making colored glazes for beads and glassware. The chemical symbol for antimony was taken from the ancient name for the element, stibium. Not recognized as a chemical element until the Middle Ages, antimony became a common material used by alchemists.
Alchemy was a kind of pre-science that existed from about 500 B.C. to about the end of the 16th century. Alchemists wanted to find a way of changing lead, iron, and other metals into gold. They also wanted to find a way of having eternal life. Alchemy contained too much magic and mysticism to be a real science, but alchemists developed a number of techniques and produced many new materials that were later found to be useful in modern chemistry. Antimony was one of these materials.
Antimony is a metalloid. A metalloid is an element that has characteristics of both metals and non-metals. The metalloids can be found on either side of the staircase line on the right side of the periodic table (with the exception of aluminum, which is not considered a metalloid).
Antimony is primarily used in alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics, and flame retardant materials. Flame retardant materials do not burn with an open flame. Instead, they smolder or do not bum at all.
Discovery and Naming
Compounds of antimony were known to ancient cultures. They have been found, for example, in the colored glazes used on beads, vases, and other glassware. But these compounds were not widely used until the Middle Ages when they became popular among alchemists. They thought that antimony could be used to convert lead into gold. It was during this period that records about the properties of antimony begin to appear.
The element was probably first named by Roman scholar Pliny (A.D. 23-79), who called it stibium. Muslim alchemist Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan (c. 721-c. 815) probably first called it antimony?anti ("not") and monos ("alone"). The name comes from the fact that antimony does not occur alone in nature.
Alchemists used secret codes to write about much of their work, so modern scholars do not know a great deal about how antimony was used. The first detailed reports about antimony were published in 1707 when French chemist Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715) published his famous book, Treatise on Antimony.
Physical Properties
Antimony is a silvery-white, shiny element that looks like a metal. It has a scaly surface and is hard and brittle like a nonmetal. It can also be prepared as a black powder with a shiny brilliance to it.
The melting point of antimony is 630oC (1,170oC) and its boiling point is 1,635oC (2,980oF). It is a relatively soft material that can be scratched by glass. Its density is 6.68 grams per cubic centimeter.
Chemical Properties
Antimony is a moderately active element. It does not combine with oxygen in the air at room temperature. It also does not react with cold water or with most cold acids. It does dissolve in some hot acids, however, and in aqua regia. Aqua regia is a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids. It often reacts with materials that do not react with either acid separately.
Occurrence in Nature
Antimony is rarely found in its native (as an element) state. Instead, it usually occurs as a compound. The most common minerals of antimony are stibnite, tetrahedrite, bournonite, boulangerite, and jamesonite. In most of these minerals, antimony is combined with sulfur to produce some form of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3).
The largest producers of antimony are China, Russia, Bolivia, South Africa, and Kyrgyzstan, in that order. The United States produces antimony as a by-product at only one silver mine in Idaho.
The abundance of antimony is estimated to be about 0.2 parts per million, placing it in the bottom fifth among the chemical elements found in the Earth's crust. It is more abundant than silver or mercury, but less abundant than iodine.
Isotopes
There are two naturally occurring isotopes of antimony, antimony- 121 and antimony-123. Isotopes are two or more forms of an element. Isotopes differ from each other according to their mass number. The number written to the right of the element's name is the mass number. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The number of protons determines the element, but the number of neutrons in the atom of any one element can vary. Each variation is an isotope.
About 20 radioactive isotopes of antimony are also known. A radioactive isotope is one that breaks apart and gives off some form of radiation. Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive.
Two of antimony's radioactive isotopes are used commercially as tracers. These isotopes are antimony-124 and antimony- 125. A tracer is an isotope injected into a living or non-living system. The movement of the isotope can then be followed as it moves through the system. For example, a small amount of antimony-124 could be injected into an oil pipeline. The presence of the isotope can be detected by means of an instrument held above the pipeline. The radiation given off by the isotope causes a light to flash or a sound to occur in the instrument. The movement of the isotope through the pipeline can be followed in this way. If the pipeline has a leak, the tracer will escape from it. Its movement through the soil can be detected.
Extraction
Antimony can be recovered from stibnite with hot iron:
2Fe + Sb2S3 -> Fe2S3 + 2Sb
About half the antimony produced in the United States is recycled from old lead storage batteries used in cars and trucks.
Uses
Antimony is used to make alloys with a number of different metals. An alloy is made by melting and mixing two or more metals. The properties of the mixture are different than those of the individual metals. One of the most common of these alloys is one made with lead. Lead-antimony alloys are used for solder, ammunition, fishing tackle, covering for electrical cables, alloys that melt at low temperatures, and batteries. The manufacture of lead storage batteries, like the ones used in cars and trucks, account for about one-fifth of all the antimony used each year. A small amount of antimony is also used in making transistors, which are found in such consumer electrical devices as computer games, pocket calculators, and portable stereos. A transistor is a solid-state (using special properties of solids, rather than electron tubes) electronic device used to control the flow of an electric current.
Other minor uses of antimony include the manufacture of glass and ceramics and the production of plastics. In glass and ceramics, a small amount of antimony insures that the final product will be clear and colorless. In the production of plastics, antimony is used as a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance used to speed up or slow down a chemical reaction. The catalyst does not undergo any change itself during the reaction.
Antimony Compounds
The most important use of antimony is in making compounds used in the manufacture of flame-retardant materials. Slightly more than half of all antimony goes to this use. These include antimony oxychloride (SbOCl), antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5), antimony trichloride (SbCl3), and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3). These compounds are sprayed on or added to a fabric to make it flame retardant.
Health Effects
Antimony and its compounds are dangerous to human health. In low levels, these materials can irritate the eyes and lungs. They may also cause stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach ulcers. At higher doses, antimony and its compounds can cause lung, heart, liver, and kidney damage. At very high doses, they can cause death.
Words to Know
Alchemy a kind of pre-science that existed from about 500 B.C. to about the end of the 16th century
Alloy a mixture of two or more metals with properties different from those of the individual metals
Aqua regia a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids that often reacts with materials that do not react with either acid separately
Catalyst a substance used to speed up or slow down a chemical reaction without undergoing any change itself
Isotopes two or more forms of an element that differ from each other according to their mass number
Metalloid an element that has characteristics of both metals and non-metals
Periodic table a chart that shows how the chemical elements are related to each other
Radioactive isotope an isotope that breaks apart and gives off some form of radiation
Solder an alloy that can be melted and then used to join two metals to each other
Toxic poisonous
Antimony is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sb (L. Stibium) and atomic number 51. A metalloid, antimony has four allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Antimony is used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, a wide variety of alloys, electronics, and rubber.
Notable characteristics
Antimony in its elemental form is a silvery white, brittle, fusible, crystalline solid that exhibits poor electrical and heat conductivity properties and vaporizes at low temperatures. A metalloid, antimony resembles a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but does not chemically react as a metal. It is also attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. Antimony and some of its alloys expand on cooling.
Estimates of the abundance of antimony in the Earth's crust range from 0.2 to 0.5 ppm. Antimony is geochemically categorized as a chalcophile, occurring with sulfur and the heavy metals lead, copper, and silver.
Applications
Antimony is increasingly being used in the semiconductor industry in the production of diodes, infrared detectors, and Hall-effect devices. As an alloy, this semi-metal greatly increases lead's hardness and mechanical strength. The most important use of antimony metal is as a hardener in lead for storage batteries. Other uses;
Batteries,
antifriction alloys,
type metal,
small arms and tracer bullets,
cable sheathing,
matches,
medicines,
plumbing ("lead-free" solder contains 5% Sb),
main and big-end bearings in internal combustion engines (as alloy).
used in the past to treat Schistosomiasis; nowadays Praziquantel is universally used.
Antimony compounds in the form of oxides, sulfides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride are used in the making of flame-proofing compounds, ceramic enamels, glass, paints, and pottery. Antimony trioxide is the most important of the antimony compounds and is primarily used in flame-retardant formulations. These flame-retardant applications include such markets as children's clothing, toys, aircraft and automobile seat covers. Also, antimony sulfide is one of the ingredients of a modern match.
History
Antimony was recognized in antiquity (3000 BC or earlier) in various compounds, and it was prized for its fine casting qualities.
According to the history of metallurgy the first description of the procedure to isolate the antimony is in the Italian book "De la pirotechnia" of 1540 of Vannoccio Biringuccio. This book precedes the more famous Latin book "De re metallica" of 1556 of Agricola, although the latter has been often incorrectly considered the discoverer of the metallic antimony.
According to the traditional history of western alchemy the metallic antimony was previously (with respect to Biringuccio) described by the Prior Basilius Valentinus in the Latin manuscript "Currus Triumphalis Antimonii" of about 1450, published, in the English translation "The triumphal chariot of antimony", only in 1604 by Johann Thölde (1565-1614). The marvellous finding of all of the Valentinus' manuscripts, as in the alchemical tales, is fully described by Jean-Jacques Manget in his "Bibliotheca chemica curiosa" (1702): these manuscripts remained more than one century enclosed in a pillar of the St. Peter's Abbey, at Erfurt, until the pillar was miraculously shattered by a thunderbolt. Many authors consider Basilius Valentinus as a mythological personage: the most authoritative of them is Leibniz (1646-1716), that declared to be sure, after a careful search, that the Prior Valentinus did not ever exist in the Abbey of Erfurt, but was only a pseudonym, probably just of Thölde himself, that badly translated and merged materials of various origins.
According to the traditional history of Middle Eastern alchemy, the pure antimony was well known to Geber, sometimes called "the Father of Chemistry", in the 8th century. Here there is still an open controversy: Marcellin Berthelot, who translated a number of Geber's books, stated that the antimony is never quoted in them, but other authors claim that Berthelot translated only some of the less important books, while the more interesting ones (some of them perhaps well describing the antimony) are not yet translated, and their content is completely unknown.
The origin of the name "antimony" is not clear; the term may come from the Greek words "anti" and "monos", which approximately means "opposed to solitude" as it was thought never to exist in its pure form, or from the Pharaonic expression "Antos Amun", which could be translated as "bloom of the god Amun".
Alchemical symbol for antimonyThe natural sulfide of antimony, stibnite, was known and used in Biblical times as medicine and as a cosmetic. Stibnite is still used in some developing countries as medicine. Antimony has been used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Antimony attaches itself to sulfur atoms in certain enzymes which are used by both the parasite and human host. Small doses can kill the parasite without causing damage to the patient. Antimony and its compounds are used in several veterinary preparations like Anthiomaline or Lithium antimony thiomalate, which is used as a skin conditioner in ruminants. Antimony has a nourishing or conditioning effect on keratinized tissues, at least in animals. Tartar emetic is another antimony preparation which is used as an anti-schistosomal drug.
The relationship between antimony's modern name and its symbol is complex; the Coptic name for the cosmetic powder antimony sulfide was borrowed by the Greeks, which was in turn borrowed by Latin, resulting in stibium. The chemical pioneer Jöns Jakob Berzelius used an abbreviation of this name for antimony in his writings, and his usage became the standard symbol.
Treatments chiefly involving antimony have been called antimonials.
Sources
Native massive antimony with oxidation productsEven though this element is not abundant, it is found in over 100 mineral species. Antimony is sometimes found native, but more frequently it is found in the sulfide stibnite (Sb2S3) which is the predominant ore mineral. Commercial forms of antimony are generally ingots, broken pieces, granules, and cast cake. Other forms are powder, shot, and single crystals.
Country Tonnes % of total
People's Republic of China 126 000 81.5
Russia 12 000 7.8
South Africa 5 023 3.3
Tajikistan 3 480 2.3
Bolivia 2 430 1.6
Top 5 148 933 96.4
Total world 154 538 100.0
Chiffres de 2003, métal contenue dans les minerais et concentrés, source : L'état du monde 2005
The largest mine in China is Xikuangshan mine in Hunan Province.
See also Antimonide minerals, Antimonate minerals.
Precautions
Antimony and many of its compounds are toxic. Clinically, antimony poisoning is very similar to arsenic poisoning. In small doses, antimony causes headache, dizziness, and depression. Such small doses have in the past been reported in some acidic fruit drinks. The acidic nature of the drink is sufficient to dissolve small amounts of antimony oxide contained in the packaging of the drink; modern manufacturing methods prevent this occurrence. Larger doses cause violent and frequent vomiting, and will lead to death in few days. Very large doses will cause violent vomiting, causing the poison to be expelled from the body before any harm is done.
See also arsenic poisoning.
...
read more
[+/-] : Luzenac presents Firebrake® ZB, a multifunctional fire retardant, at K2004
Luzenac will be presenting the Firebrake® ZB range at the K2004 trade show in October.
Firebrake® ZB is a boron-based fire retardant produced by Luzenac's sister company Borax and marketed by Luzenac since March 2003.
Used extensively in polymers such as PVC, polyamides, polyolefins and elastomers, Firebrake® ZB provides the following benefits:
flame retardant,
smoke suppressant,
afterglow suppressant,
anti-arcing and anti-tracking agent,
synergist of antimony oxide,
promotes char formation and prevents dripping,
can be used in both halogen and halogen-free systems.
Used in combination with metallic hydroxides, Firebrake® ZB can form a porous and hard residue during the combustion of the polymer matrix. In wire and cables, for example, this sintered residue is an important thermal insulator for the substrate or unburned polymer. It can prevent short-circuiting and sparking, as well as protecting the underlying insulation material. Partial replacement of ATH with Firebrake® ZB can result in significantly higher oxygen Index and better fire test performance in a UL94 test but only at high total loadings.
Moreover, the strong char formation with the elimination of surface cracks can prevent volatile gases from reaching the combustion zone. This ceramic residue prevents burning drips and delays oxidative pyrolysis.
The use of co-additives such as silicone, melamine phosphate, depending on polymer matrix, improves the performance of Firebrake® Zinc Borate / metal hydroxide combination.
In flame retardant systems using halogenated flame retardants and antimony trioxide, zinc borate can partly or completely replace antimony with less smoke and improvement of electrical material properties such as comparative tracking index.
In flame retardant PVC materials using antimony trioxide, partial or complete replacement by zinc borate leads to equivalent fire retardant characteristics with low smoke.
Luzenac is the world's leading talc producer with over thirty wholly owned mines and processing plants around the world. As global leader, Luzenac is committed to developing new talc grades that will provide polymers manufacturers with innovative and cost-effective solutions.
(Stand 8D48 - Hall 8)
Press Contact
Laura Jones
Luzenac Group
Tel: +33 5 61 50 20 20
Fax: +33 5 61 40 06 23
polymers@europe.luzenac.com
www.luzenac.com
Back ...
read more
[+/-] : Benefits of Zinc Borate in FR PVC applications
Zinc Borate has been used extensively in flexible PVC as a partial replacement for antimony oxide, such as wall coverings, wire and cables, roofing membranes, conveyor belts, carpet backing, auto upholstery, and tenting materials.
In contrast to antimony trioxide, this material has a refractive index similar to that of most polymer systems, which allows the use of lower pigment loading.
See formulation with flexible PVC
Recommendations for levels of treatment depend on the desired fire test performance, plasticizer level, filler content, etc.
A good starting point is replacing 30-60% of the antimony oxide in your existing formulation with Firebrake® ZB. If this results in equal or improved fire test performance, one can work toward complete replacement.
For greater smoke reduction, a high ratio of Firebrake® ZB to antimony oxide is preferred.
For better combined flammability and smoke test performance, it is beneficial to use Firebrake® ZB in conjunction with alumina trihydrate (or magnesium hydroxide) and antimony oxide.
Figure 1 shows that in the presence of alumina trihydrate (ATH), there is a dramatic synergism between Firebrake® ZB and antimony trioxide. This synergism is observed at a total loading as low as 3 phr.
Figure 1 : Oxygen index of flexible PVC formulations (ASTM D 2863)
Figure 2 shows: In the presence of alumina trihydrate (ATH), Firebrake® ZB reduces smoke effectively, even when used with antimony trioxide. In the absence of ATH, a high ratio of Firebrake® ZB to antimony trioxide is recommended for low smoke formulations.
Figure 2 : NBS Smoke test of flexible PVC (ASTM E662)
For more information about the use of Zinc Borate in PVC, contact our technical expert via TechDirect.
...
read more
消息來源
Wednesday, February 07, 2007
[+/-] : China curbs new smelters
Thursday, January 4th, 2007
China has introduced new legislation aimed at limiting the building and expansion of tin, tungsten and antimony smelters.
The new regulations, which became law on January 1, will require smelters to use their own capital to fund 50% or more of any expansion.
In addition, permission to build or expand such smelters will be not be given if the facility is unable to secure reliable supplies of raw materials, said Bloomberg, citing a statement on the website of the National Development and Reform Commission.
New tungsten projects will need to have an annual output of at least 2,000 t of tungsten powder, or 100 t of semi-finished products or 200 t of hard alloys.
Tin projects will be required to produce at least 8,000 t/y, while antimony plants will need a minimum output of 5,000 t.
The new environmental, financing and energy rules are designed to “properly develop China’s advantageous resources, optimise the utilisation of resources and promote industry restructuring,” the statement added.
The regulations also prevents new smelters from being built within 1 km of certain protected areas such as hospitals, tourist sites and medium-to-large cities.
...
read more
消息來源
China has introduced new legislation aimed at limiting the building and expansion of tin, tungsten and antimony smelters.
The new regulations, which became law on January 1, will require smelters to use their own capital to fund 50% or more of any expansion.
In addition, permission to build or expand such smelters will be not be given if the facility is unable to secure reliable supplies of raw materials, said Bloomberg, citing a statement on the website of the National Development and Reform Commission.
New tungsten projects will need to have an annual output of at least 2,000 t of tungsten powder, or 100 t of semi-finished products or 200 t of hard alloys.
Tin projects will be required to produce at least 8,000 t/y, while antimony plants will need a minimum output of 5,000 t.
The new environmental, financing and energy rules are designed to “properly develop China’s advantageous resources, optimise the utilisation of resources and promote industry restructuring,” the statement added.
The regulations also prevents new smelters from being built within 1 km of certain protected areas such as hospitals, tourist sites and medium-to-large cities.
...
read more
消息來源
[+/-] : Zambia’s Muliashi mine to producce 80,000t/y of copper in 2008
The Muliashi copper mine in Zambia will produce up to 80,000 tons of copper a year when reaches full production in the third quarter of 2008, Luanshya Copper Mines chief executive officer Derek Webbstock said in a statement Wednesday.
Luanshya Copper mines, which operates Chambishi Metals PLC, is owned by J&W Investments.
The Muliashi mine was initially expected to produce 50,000 metric tons of copper a year, but J&W Investments has upgraded mine resources and output is expected to average 80,000 tons a year in its 10-year life span, officials at the Zambian Ministry of Mines said.
In 2006, Luanshya’s copper output is estimated to have reached 67,500 tons.
Investment in the Zambian mining industry is increasing following the mass mine privatization started in the late 1990s, and has been boosted by a rise in world copper prices. Zambia’s 2007 copper output is seen at 600,000 tons.
Since 2003, about $2 billion has been invested in the Zambia’s mining industry, according to a report from the mining ministry.
...
read more
消息來源
Luanshya Copper mines, which operates Chambishi Metals PLC, is owned by J&W Investments.
The Muliashi mine was initially expected to produce 50,000 metric tons of copper a year, but J&W Investments has upgraded mine resources and output is expected to average 80,000 tons a year in its 10-year life span, officials at the Zambian Ministry of Mines said.
In 2006, Luanshya’s copper output is estimated to have reached 67,500 tons.
Investment in the Zambian mining industry is increasing following the mass mine privatization started in the late 1990s, and has been boosted by a rise in world copper prices. Zambia’s 2007 copper output is seen at 600,000 tons.
Since 2003, about $2 billion has been invested in the Zambia’s mining industry, according to a report from the mining ministry.
...
read more
消息來源
Friday, February 02, 2007
[+/-] : Will“New Year’s Offensive”Again?December Antimony Market Analysis and Outlook .
The international market remain ease with less demand, the turning point expected by the producers and traders have not appeared, how far is it from the 6000 $/MT target is still a big question. Will the “New Year’s Offensive” again? The market might give answer soon.
Market review and analysis:
With the easy demand, the international quotation of 5500-5600$/MT has last over a month, meanwhile, the domestic market is still running at low level. Price at Lengshuijiang district is also of distinct call-back.The international market was also of trendency of call- back from the beginning of December. Quotation for antimony metal 99.65% of Dec.6 exRotterdam warehouse published in < London Metal Bullin > was 5400 to 5500$/MT,100$/MT lower than previous quotation. However, while people think the maket will down futher, a serious mine accident happen at Xikuangshan mine area.State mine safety administrative institute involved the accident investigation and closed some small mines, which affected the supply in certain degree,and supported the market powerfully. The international market came back to 5500-5600$/MT then. At the same time the domestic market also recovered to 42000 to 43000 RMB/MT.But the market turn to ease again as no further positive news followed. In January 2006, the antimony market started its increasing with “New Year’s Offensive”. Will “New Year’s Offensive” again in a dull market of the start of year 2007.
Recently, the market is dull with small transaction, many consumption enterprises have almost used up their stock, so a wave of purchasing is coming before the spring festival which will push the market up. Actually, the market recovering tendency has appeared at the end of year 2006. The domestic keeping grewing continouesly. The international market will following this increasing certainly. Moreover, even though with some negative factors, the demend will stable and grow. And the supply of raw material still tight. These factors will be the main force to push the market up. So, there will be a great chance that the “New Year’s Offensive” will come again.
No.2 : Data Statistics
It is published by Non-ferrous Metal Industry Institute that Antimony Production was increased during Nov,2006 ,viz,Antimony Metal ,13,950 M/T , Totally Antimony Metal (Sb content) Production is 137,482.00M/T from Jan-2006 to Nov-2006 which increased 6.88% compared with the same period, it is estimated that there is 5% increasing rate between 2005 and 2006. Hunan and Guangxi are still the main areas where drive the production increasing rate. It is 9,811 M/T production quantity of Nov,2006 in Hunan Province ,total production quantity of antimony metal is 86,815Mt from Jan to Nov,2006,cumulative increasing 11.42%.It is 1,973M/T production quantity of Nov,2006 in Guangxi province ,total production of antimony metal is 28,306Mt from Jan to Nov,2006 ,cumulative increasing 12.08%. It is totally 57,562 M/T production quantity of antimony metal from Jan to Nov, 2006 in China, cumulative increasing 5.07%.
Table No.1 Antimony Metal & Antimony Refined Ore Production Information
Of Each Area During Nov ,2006
Unit:M/T
Area
Antimony Metal
Antimony Refined Ore(Sb content)
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
Hunan
9811
86815
11.42
3624
34360
19.89
Guangxi
1973
28306
12.08
1373
13869
-26.93
Guizhou
522
3523
-19.11
27
375
-41.31
Yunnan
1141
12122
-5.02
165
1638
-19.55
Jiangxi
200
1755
-26.36
48
494
15.42
Ningxia
86
1081
33.62
-
-
-
Chongqing
85
1080
-2.53
-
-
-
Shanxi
1137
151.55
219
2022
-28.53
Gansu
745
-64.83
0
0
-
Henan
-
-
-
391
2072
70.53
Guangdong
132
916
-37.73
0
0
-
Total
13950
137482
6.88
6083
57562
5.07
Note: The above parameters come from Non-ferrous Industry Institute
It is stated by China Customs that antimony metal import have been sharp cutoff during Nov,2006 ,viz 767,58M/T quantity within this month .Totally imported quantity of antimony metal from Jan to Nov,2006 is 18,018Mt ,cumulative decreasing 1.55% . There are also decreasing situations in Russia, Tajikistan, and Burma, Compared with them Viet Nam and Bolivia are increasing.
Table No.2 Antimony Refined Ore Imported Information of
each Original Area during Nov,2006
(Unit:M/T ,10,000 USD )
Country Name
Production
/Month
Cumulative
Amount
Contrast
%
Month
/Sum
Cumulative
Sum
Contrast
%
Russia
300.84
4597.47
-18.24
95.90
1034.06
34.5
Tajikistan
0.00
4734.1
1.67
0.00
470.37
14.24
Kazakhstan
0.00
1582.26
-26.13
0.00
152.41
-12.48
Burma
39.00
1591.00
-41.6
1.85
55.94
-20.86
Korea
0.00
23.00
0.00
0.16
Morocco
0.00
21.16
-13.23
0.00
2.41
-18.21
Bolivia
46.04
2627.88
62.32
13.34
436.61
118.85
Laos
0.00
170
-
0.00
6.62
-
Vietnam
381.7
1713.67
561.65
8.08
58.09
569.13
Guatemala
0.00
87.10
-
0.48
0.00
-
Total
767.58
18018
-1.55
119.17
2328.57
37.88
There is 71,131.97 M/T Chinese antimony products have been exported from Jan to Nov,2006,cumulative decreasing 6.65% Antimony Trioxide ,Cumulative exporter 50,118.22M/T ,increasing 5.58% ,Antimony Ingot export have been increased ,that is 2,138.7Mt in Nov,2006, Totally exported 19,488.85Mt from Jan to Nov,2006 ,cumulative decreasing 28.19% We have totally imported 28,549.00M/T antimony product from Jan to Nov,2006,cumulative decreasing 2.04% .
Table No.3 Antimony Product Import & Export Quantity Information
Unit :M/T
Export
Import
Quantity
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
%
Quantity
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
%
Antimony
Crude
-
-
-
0
19.49
-33.63
Other Antimony Ore and Refined Ore
-
-
-
767.58
18018
-1.55
Antimony
Oxide
4680.27
50118.22
5.58
705.46
4207.41
57.37
Antimony
Sulfide
196
1379.9
-5.95
3
48.5
-11.57
Unforging
Rolling Antimony
2138.7
19488.85
-28.19
960.01
6162.28
-10.17
Antimony
Powder
-
5
-
0.03
23.03
366.15
Antimony
Particle
-
-
-
0.00
0.00
-
Other Antimony and Antimony Product
0.00
140.00
14.9
3.00
70.58
-16.28
Total
7014.97
71131.97
-6.65
2439.05
28549.3
2.04
Table No.4 Antimony Trioxide Exported Information
to Each Region During Nov,2006
Unit : M/T ,10,000 USD
Country
Name
Quantity
Cumulative
Amount
Contrast
%
Sum
Cumulative
Sum
Contrast
%
Japan
1279.96
13934.0
-7.4
623.04
6187.45
35.88
Holland
240
5090.1
-33.29
106.34
2003.94
-3.03
U.S.A.
1269.05
8137.34
14.34
598.85
3411.37
68.74
Hong
Kong
608
8015.8
21.55
256.22
3198.32
73.31
Korea
377.36
6468.47
26.35
176.91
2742.72
92.52
Taiwan
220.05
2560.05
57.06
96.70
1039.60
147.44
Germany
120.7
968.15
11.57
54.60
391.18
55.47
South
Africa
0.00
320.00
60
0.00
135.08
119.89
Thailand
10.00
385
89.19
4.73
165.78
180.33
Columbia
0.00
0.1
-
0.00
0.02
-
U.K
20.00
140.00
133.33
9.66
61.94
284.6
Russia
20.00
159.96
699.79
8.8
65.35
1212.18
Canada
0.00
860
22.86
0.00
336.64
74.67
Australia
0.00
32.00
-36
0.00
15.10
3.72
Singapore
175.00
627.00
248.33
85.04
294.98
471.66
New
Zealand
5.00
25.00
2.36
12.36
Italy
0.00
367.00
66.82
0.00
159.01
133.11
Spain
0.00
66.00
0.00
31.80
Czech
0.00
220.00
-31.89
0.00
98.14
-5.91
India
61.00
487.7
16.19
30.22
210.71
77.05
Indonesia
10.00
114.00
38.18
5.42
51.49
112.88
Israel
0.00
120.00
140.00
0.00
52.67
251.18
Mexico
160.00
460.00
2090.48
78.00
210.4
2232.10
Iran
0.00
55.00
450
0.00
21.68
694.14
Lithuania
20.00
65.00
-
10.94
31.63
-
Total
4680.27
50118
5.58
2186.96
21115.2
55.28
Table No.5 Antimony Ingot Export Information to
each Region During Nov,2006
Unit : M/T ,10,000USD
Country
Quantity
Cumulative
Amount
Contrast
%
Sum
/Month
Cumulative
Sum
Contrast
%
Holland
94
3493.66
-36.42
45.62
1428.81
-8.84
Japan
340.7
4652.25
-23.24
155.01
1895.23
16.98
Korea
200.00
1378.94
-56.77
88.00
561.98
-39.53
Belgium
0.00
520.00
-61.22
0.00
175.06
-51.22
USA
420.00
1900.00
26.67
206.02
870.76
94.09
Taiwan
20.00
60.00
-72.79
9.97
26.02
-61.2
Mexico
0.00
200.00
-81.62
0.00
50.00
-83.64
Brazil
20.00
108.00
4.85
10.32
38.82
7.58
Thailand
20.00
40.00
100
9.95
18.30
201.9
Australia
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
-
Hong
Kong
1020.00
6947.00
-6.4
506.6
2951.85
55.44
Total
2138.7
19488.9
-28.19
1031.49
8095.03
8.54
Market Prospect
Although international market price have entered into adjustment period ,the native manufacturing enterprise have began to increase their offers .It is reported by professional staff in antimony line owing the safety inspection which have influenced antimony production ,”Antimony Mine supplying will inescapability not avoid to influence our antimony ingot production .It is said by one Hunan based producer who have increased the quotation of the # 2 Antimony Ingot .Meanwhile some traders have also adjusted their quotations .Although the market is dead-alive during the recent period ,the native market returns to be the situation that suppliers are reluctant to sell .
We are sure that the producers and traders will take this opportunity to enhance the price increasing. It is estimated that the antimony market will still adjust to a high peak position in Jan,2007 and also which will continue.
...
read more
消息來源
Market review and analysis:
With the easy demand, the international quotation of 5500-5600$/MT has last over a month, meanwhile, the domestic market is still running at low level. Price at Lengshuijiang district is also of distinct call-back.The international market was also of trendency of call- back from the beginning of December. Quotation for antimony metal 99.65% of Dec.6 exRotterdam warehouse published in < London Metal Bullin > was 5400 to 5500$/MT,100$/MT lower than previous quotation. However, while people think the maket will down futher, a serious mine accident happen at Xikuangshan mine area.State mine safety administrative institute involved the accident investigation and closed some small mines, which affected the supply in certain degree,and supported the market powerfully. The international market came back to 5500-5600$/MT then. At the same time the domestic market also recovered to 42000 to 43000 RMB/MT.But the market turn to ease again as no further positive news followed. In January 2006, the antimony market started its increasing with “New Year’s Offensive”. Will “New Year’s Offensive” again in a dull market of the start of year 2007.
Recently, the market is dull with small transaction, many consumption enterprises have almost used up their stock, so a wave of purchasing is coming before the spring festival which will push the market up. Actually, the market recovering tendency has appeared at the end of year 2006. The domestic keeping grewing continouesly. The international market will following this increasing certainly. Moreover, even though with some negative factors, the demend will stable and grow. And the supply of raw material still tight. These factors will be the main force to push the market up. So, there will be a great chance that the “New Year’s Offensive” will come again.
No.2 : Data Statistics
It is published by Non-ferrous Metal Industry Institute that Antimony Production was increased during Nov,2006 ,viz,Antimony Metal ,13,950 M/T , Totally Antimony Metal (Sb content) Production is 137,482.00M/T from Jan-2006 to Nov-2006 which increased 6.88% compared with the same period, it is estimated that there is 5% increasing rate between 2005 and 2006. Hunan and Guangxi are still the main areas where drive the production increasing rate. It is 9,811 M/T production quantity of Nov,2006 in Hunan Province ,total production quantity of antimony metal is 86,815Mt from Jan to Nov,2006,cumulative increasing 11.42%.It is 1,973M/T production quantity of Nov,2006 in Guangxi province ,total production of antimony metal is 28,306Mt from Jan to Nov,2006 ,cumulative increasing 12.08%. It is totally 57,562 M/T production quantity of antimony metal from Jan to Nov, 2006 in China, cumulative increasing 5.07%.
Table No.1 Antimony Metal & Antimony Refined Ore Production Information
Of Each Area During Nov ,2006
Unit:M/T
Area
Antimony Metal
Antimony Refined Ore(Sb content)
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
Hunan
9811
86815
11.42
3624
34360
19.89
Guangxi
1973
28306
12.08
1373
13869
-26.93
Guizhou
522
3523
-19.11
27
375
-41.31
Yunnan
1141
12122
-5.02
165
1638
-19.55
Jiangxi
200
1755
-26.36
48
494
15.42
Ningxia
86
1081
33.62
-
-
-
Chongqing
85
1080
-2.53
-
-
-
Shanxi
1137
151.55
219
2022
-28.53
Gansu
745
-64.83
0
0
-
Henan
-
-
-
391
2072
70.53
Guangdong
132
916
-37.73
0
0
-
Total
13950
137482
6.88
6083
57562
5.07
Note: The above parameters come from Non-ferrous Industry Institute
It is stated by China Customs that antimony metal import have been sharp cutoff during Nov,2006 ,viz 767,58M/T quantity within this month .Totally imported quantity of antimony metal from Jan to Nov,2006 is 18,018Mt ,cumulative decreasing 1.55% . There are also decreasing situations in Russia, Tajikistan, and Burma, Compared with them Viet Nam and Bolivia are increasing.
Table No.2 Antimony Refined Ore Imported Information of
each Original Area during Nov,2006
(Unit:M/T ,10,000 USD )
Country Name
Production
/Month
Cumulative
Amount
Contrast
%
Month
/Sum
Cumulative
Sum
Contrast
%
Russia
300.84
4597.47
-18.24
95.90
1034.06
34.5
Tajikistan
0.00
4734.1
1.67
0.00
470.37
14.24
Kazakhstan
0.00
1582.26
-26.13
0.00
152.41
-12.48
Burma
39.00
1591.00
-41.6
1.85
55.94
-20.86
Korea
0.00
23.00
0.00
0.16
Morocco
0.00
21.16
-13.23
0.00
2.41
-18.21
Bolivia
46.04
2627.88
62.32
13.34
436.61
118.85
Laos
0.00
170
-
0.00
6.62
-
Vietnam
381.7
1713.67
561.65
8.08
58.09
569.13
Guatemala
0.00
87.10
-
0.48
0.00
-
Total
767.58
18018
-1.55
119.17
2328.57
37.88
There is 71,131.97 M/T Chinese antimony products have been exported from Jan to Nov,2006,cumulative decreasing 6.65% Antimony Trioxide ,Cumulative exporter 50,118.22M/T ,increasing 5.58% ,Antimony Ingot export have been increased ,that is 2,138.7Mt in Nov,2006, Totally exported 19,488.85Mt from Jan to Nov,2006 ,cumulative decreasing 28.19% We have totally imported 28,549.00M/T antimony product from Jan to Nov,2006,cumulative decreasing 2.04% .
Table No.3 Antimony Product Import & Export Quantity Information
Unit :M/T
Export
Import
Quantity
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
%
Quantity
November
Cumulative Amount
Contrast
%
Antimony
Crude
-
-
-
0
19.49
-33.63
Other Antimony Ore and Refined Ore
-
-
-
767.58
18018
-1.55
Antimony
Oxide
4680.27
50118.22
5.58
705.46
4207.41
57.37
Antimony
Sulfide
196
1379.9
-5.95
3
48.5
-11.57
Unforging
Rolling Antimony
2138.7
19488.85
-28.19
960.01
6162.28
-10.17
Antimony
Powder
-
5
-
0.03
23.03
366.15
Antimony
Particle
-
-
-
0.00
0.00
-
Other Antimony and Antimony Product
0.00
140.00
14.9
3.00
70.58
-16.28
Total
7014.97
71131.97
-6.65
2439.05
28549.3
2.04
Table No.4 Antimony Trioxide Exported Information
to Each Region During Nov,2006
Unit : M/T ,10,000 USD
Country
Name
Quantity
Cumulative
Amount
Contrast
%
Sum
Cumulative
Sum
Contrast
%
Japan
1279.96
13934.0
-7.4
623.04
6187.45
35.88
Holland
240
5090.1
-33.29
106.34
2003.94
-3.03
U.S.A.
1269.05
8137.34
14.34
598.85
3411.37
68.74
Hong
Kong
608
8015.8
21.55
256.22
3198.32
73.31
Korea
377.36
6468.47
26.35
176.91
2742.72
92.52
Taiwan
220.05
2560.05
57.06
96.70
1039.60
147.44
Germany
120.7
968.15
11.57
54.60
391.18
55.47
South
Africa
0.00
320.00
60
0.00
135.08
119.89
Thailand
10.00
385
89.19
4.73
165.78
180.33
Columbia
0.00
0.1
-
0.00
0.02
-
U.K
20.00
140.00
133.33
9.66
61.94
284.6
Russia
20.00
159.96
699.79
8.8
65.35
1212.18
Canada
0.00
860
22.86
0.00
336.64
74.67
Australia
0.00
32.00
-36
0.00
15.10
3.72
Singapore
175.00
627.00
248.33
85.04
294.98
471.66
New
Zealand
5.00
25.00
2.36
12.36
Italy
0.00
367.00
66.82
0.00
159.01
133.11
Spain
0.00
66.00
0.00
31.80
Czech
0.00
220.00
-31.89
0.00
98.14
-5.91
India
61.00
487.7
16.19
30.22
210.71
77.05
Indonesia
10.00
114.00
38.18
5.42
51.49
112.88
Israel
0.00
120.00
140.00
0.00
52.67
251.18
Mexico
160.00
460.00
2090.48
78.00
210.4
2232.10
Iran
0.00
55.00
450
0.00
21.68
694.14
Lithuania
20.00
65.00
-
10.94
31.63
-
Total
4680.27
50118
5.58
2186.96
21115.2
55.28
Table No.5 Antimony Ingot Export Information to
each Region During Nov,2006
Unit : M/T ,10,000USD
Country
Quantity
Cumulative
Amount
Contrast
%
Sum
/Month
Cumulative
Sum
Contrast
%
Holland
94
3493.66
-36.42
45.62
1428.81
-8.84
Japan
340.7
4652.25
-23.24
155.01
1895.23
16.98
Korea
200.00
1378.94
-56.77
88.00
561.98
-39.53
Belgium
0.00
520.00
-61.22
0.00
175.06
-51.22
USA
420.00
1900.00
26.67
206.02
870.76
94.09
Taiwan
20.00
60.00
-72.79
9.97
26.02
-61.2
Mexico
0.00
200.00
-81.62
0.00
50.00
-83.64
Brazil
20.00
108.00
4.85
10.32
38.82
7.58
Thailand
20.00
40.00
100
9.95
18.30
201.9
Australia
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
-
Hong
Kong
1020.00
6947.00
-6.4
506.6
2951.85
55.44
Total
2138.7
19488.9
-28.19
1031.49
8095.03
8.54
Market Prospect
Although international market price have entered into adjustment period ,the native manufacturing enterprise have began to increase their offers .It is reported by professional staff in antimony line owing the safety inspection which have influenced antimony production ,”Antimony Mine supplying will inescapability not avoid to influence our antimony ingot production .It is said by one Hunan based producer who have increased the quotation of the # 2 Antimony Ingot .Meanwhile some traders have also adjusted their quotations .Although the market is dead-alive during the recent period ,the native market returns to be the situation that suppliers are reluctant to sell .
We are sure that the producers and traders will take this opportunity to enhance the price increasing. It is estimated that the antimony market will still adjust to a high peak position in Jan,2007 and also which will continue.
...
read more
消息來源
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)